Menene gaba jiya na Kafka gabaɗaya?

Question

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

Gida na Kafka ya ƙunshi **gungu na masu sulheta** (sabowarsa) da ke ajiye batutuwan da aka rarraba da jiya, tare da **masu samar** suna rubuta da **masu karbatuwa** suna karanta, wanda aka daidaita ta hanyar sarrafa bayanan (jiya kauri ZooKeeper, yanzu KRaft). Fahimtar gida tana bayyana yadda Kafka ke aiki azaman tsarin raga.

## Abubuwan da ke da tasiri

```text
BROKERS → Kafka SERVERS forming a CLUSTER:
  → store topic partitions (the data); serve producers and consumers
  → a cluster of multiple brokers → distributes data and load; scales horizontally
TOPICS / PARTITIONS → topics split into partitions, distributed across brokers
PRODUCERS → write events to topics (to partition leaders)
CONSUMERS (in groups) → read events from partitions
COORDINATION → metadata, cluster state, leader election:
  → historically ZOOKEEPER; now KRAFT (Kafka's own built-in consensus, removing ZooKeeper)
```

## Jiya don tsayuwa da samuwarwa

```text
Partitions are REPLICATED across brokers for fault tolerance:
  → each partition has a LEADER (handles reads/writes) + FOLLOWERS (replicas):
    - producers/consumers interact with the leader
    - followers replicate the leader's data → if the leader fails, a follower takes over
  → REPLICATION FACTOR → how many copies (e.g. 3) → survive broker failures without data loss
  → IN-SYNC REPLICAS (ISR) → replicas caught up with the leader (for durability guarantees)
```

## Yadda ya ke aiki tare

```text
Producer → writes to a partition's LEADER on a broker → replicated to followers →
  Consumer (in a group) reads from partitions → cluster coordinated by KRaft/ZooKeeper
→ a distributed, replicated, scalable system: brokers store/serve, replication gives
  durability/HA, coordination manages the cluster
```

## Me ya sa haka

Fahimtar gida gabaɗaya na Kafka yana da muhimmanci saboda **tana bayyana yadda Kafka ke aiki azaman tsarin raga**, saboda haka ita ce ilimin tushe don aiki tare da Kafka.

Kafka tsarin raga ne, kuma fahimtar gidansa tana bayyana yadda ya ke samun girki, tsayuwa, da samuwarwa.

Fahimtar **abubuwan da ke da tasiri** — **masu sulheta** (sabowar Kafka da ke samar da gungu wanda ya ajiye rarrabbuka da ke aiki tare da abokan ciniki, rarraba bayanan da nauyi), batutuwan/rarrabbuka da aka rarraba a cikin masu sulheta, masu samar suna rubuta da masu karbatuwa suna karanta, da **daidaituwa** (sarrafa bayanan da gudun gungu, jiya ta hanyar ZooKeeper, yanzu kaɗan kaɗan ta **KRaft** — jiya ta Kafka da ta gida da ke guje wa dogaro ZooKeeper) — tana bayyana sassa-sassa na tsarin.

Fahimtar **jiya don tsayuwa da samuwarwa** yana da muhimmanci musamman: rarrabbuka suna jiya a cikin masu sulheta (kowane yana da **gida** da ke daidaita karanta/rubuta da **masu biyo-biyo** suna jiya), saboda haka idan gida ya kasa masu biyo-biyo sun tashi (samuwarwa), tare da **matakin jiya** da ke ƙaddara nawa mutane suke ransa bakin gazawar ba tare da asusun bayanan ba (tsayuwa), da **jiya da suka daidaita** tana tabbatar da tabbacin tsayuwa.

Hnin jiya wannan shine yadda Kafka ke samun jiki ga gazawar da tsayuwa — maɓalli ga amsarsa ƙarfafawa.

Fahimtar **yadda ya ke aiki tare** (masu samar suna rubuta zuwa ga gida na rarrabbuka, jiya zuwa ga masu biyo-biyo, masu karbatuwa suna karanta, duka aka daidaita) tana samar da cikakken hotsi na Kafka azaman tsarin raga, da jiya, da iya faɗi.

Wannan fahimtar gida tana bayyana yadda Kafka ke ba da abubuwan da ta gida ke da mahimmanci (girki ta hanyar rarrabbuka rarrabbuka da aka rarraba, tsayuwa da samuwarwa ta hanyar jiya).

Tun da Kafka tsarin raga ne kuma fahimtar gidansa (masu sulheta, jiya tare da gida/masu biyo-biyo, daidaituwa) tana bayyana yadda ya ke samun girki, tsayuwa, da samuwarwa, kuma tun da wannan ita ce ilimin tushe don aiki tare da Kafka, fahimtar gaba jiya na Kafka gabaɗaya yana da muhimmanci, ilimin tushe — tana bayyana yadda Kafka ke aiki azaman tsarin raga, da jiya (masu sulheta, jiya don jiki ga gazawar, daidaituwa), tana bayyana yadda ya ke samar da abubuwan da ta gida ke da mahimmanci, da tushe don fahimtar da aikin Kafka.

Abubuwan da ke da tasiri

Jiya don tsayuwa da samuwarwa

Yadda ya ke aiki tare

Me ya sa haka

Tambayoyi masu alaƙa