Menene mononalitin rarrafe da sauran microservices anti-patterns?

Question

Accepted Answer

Mafi munin sakamakon microservices shine **"mononalitin rarrafe"**: ayyukan da suke da waje daban-daban amma suke da alaƙa mai zurfi wajen dole ne a yi amfani dasu tare — kuna samun duk tsada rarrafe ba tare da wani rashin alaƙa ba.

## Alamomi na mononalitin rarrafe

```text
✗ Changing one service forces redeploying several others
✗ Services share a database / shared schema
✗ A single request fans out through many synchronous hops
✗ Releases must be coordinated across teams
→ you pay network + ops cost but lost independent deployability
```

## Sauran anti-patterns na yau da kullun

| Anti-pattern | Matsala |
|---|---|
| Gida data da ake raba | Sake alaƙa ayyukan; ba za a iya canja schema ba |
| Ayyukan baƙa | Kira da yawa mai daidaitawa per buƙi → latency, ragenin |
| Nano-ayyukan | Ba a cika ba; overhead ya fi lissafi |
| Babu API versioning | Wani sauyi ba ya karya kowane mai amfani |
| Sararin daidaitawa | Latency da gazawa suna shimfiɗa tare da A→B→C→D |
| Aiki mai karfi | Wani aiki wanda kowa ya dogara shi (sabuwar mononalitin) |

## Tushen matsala

Mafi yawanci **kudu ɗin mumutu**. Ayyukan da aka raba ta hanyar jiya samari ko ƙwararar (ba ta iyaka halitta ba) suna yin baƙa da haɗe-haɗe.

```text
bad:  User-svc, Product-svc, Cart-svc all called for one checkout
good: Checkout owns the capability end to end
```

## Me yake mahalarta

Mononalitin rarrafe shine muni fiye da na gaske mononalitin — sannu, kazo lissafi, ƙarin aiki, amma har yanzu ba a iya siyarwa independently.

Mafi yawanci anti-patterns sun komawa zuwa kudu da gida data da ake raba, saboda haka sanin kudu da alƙalin data shine abin da ya tarar microservices da ke taimakawa daga waɗanda suke damun.

Anti-pattern	Matsala
Gida data da ake raba	Sake alaƙa ayyukan; ba za a iya canja schema ba
Ayyukan baƙa	Kira da yawa mai daidaitawa per buƙi → latency, ragenin
Nano-ayyukan	Ba a cika ba; overhead ya fi lissafi
Babu API versioning	Wani sauyi ba ya karya kowane mai amfani
Sararin daidaitawa	Latency da gazawa suna shimfiɗa tare da A→B→C→D
Aiki mai karfi	Wani aiki wanda kowa ya dogara shi (sabuwar mononalitin)