Wane shirye-shiryen jari'a da ke kariya microservices (circuit breaker, retry, timeout, bulkhead)?

Question

Accepted Answer

A cikin tsarin rarraba, **kome ya kasa a ƙarshe**. Shirye-shiryen jari'a suna tsayar da kaikarwa guda daga yadda ya bazu zuwa bugi gaba ɗaya.

## Shirye-shiryen maigida

- **Timeout** — kada jira har abada ga amsa.
- **Retry** — sake koyi kaikarwa na jiya, tare da backoff + jitter.
- **Circuit breaker** — tsaya kiran aiki da ya kasa don bari shi komawa.
- **Bulkhead** — keɓe albarkatun don haka kariya mara-sannu guda ba za ta iya nutsewa sauran.

## Misalin circuit breaker

```js
const breaker = new CircuitBreaker(callPaymentService, {
  timeout: 3000,                 // fail the call after 3s
  errorThresholdPercentage: 50,  // open if >50% of calls fail
  resetTimeout: 10000            // after 10s, try one request (half-open)
});
breaker.fallback(() => ({ status: 'queued' })); // graceful degradation
```

## Jigon circuit breaker

```text
CLOSED ──(failures exceed threshold)──▶ OPEN
  ▲                                       │ (after resetTimeout)
  │ (trial succeeds)                       ▼
  └────────────── HALF-OPEN ◀──────────────┘
                (one trial request)
```

## Bulkhead

```text
[ pool A: 10 threads ]  → payment calls
[ pool B: 10 threads ]  → search calls
If search hangs, it drains pool B only — payments keep working.
```

## Kasiwa

**Retries ba tare da backoff** ƙara nauyin aikin da ya nada (guguwa kaikarwa). A koyaushe ƙara backoff, jitter, da cap kaikarwa.

## Me ya sa ya mahalaci

Wannan shirye-shiryen ne ke juya kaikarwa na gida na rashin daidai zuwa wani halaqa da aka lalata maimakon kaikarwar gida-game.

Suna aiki tare: timeouts suna iyakance jira, circuit breakers suna tsayar da bugi saitin da suka mutu, bulkheads suna shigawa radius fashe, da kuma retries suna komawa daga bame — bari ko ɗaya kuma kaikarwa har ma suna yaɗuwa.