Menene bambanci tsakanin Edge da Node.js runtimes?

Question

Accepted Answer

Next.js na iya aiwatar da kudin sarutsa a cikin runtimes guda biyu. **Node.js runtime** (default) shine cikakken kalijin Node; **Edge runtime** shine kalijin mara kauri, wanda aka binne bisa V8 wanda ke aiwatarwa a gefen yaduwar raɗa kafar kusa da masu amfani.

## Zaɓi runtime

```ts
// per route handler / page
export const runtime = "edge";   // or "nodejs" (the default)
```

## Jiyya

```text
                  Node.js runtime         Edge runtime
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
APIs              full Node (fs, crypto,  Web APIs only (fetch,
                  Buffer, native modules) Request/Response) — limited
npm packages      all                     only those without Node APIs
Cold start        slower, heavier         near-zero, lightweight
Location          regional (one region)   global (near the user)
Latency to user   higher if far away      very low (geo-distributed)
Execution limits  longer, more memory     short CPU time, less memory
Database          direct TCP connections  HTTP-based DBs only (no raw TCP)
```

## Lokacin da aka yi amfani da Edge

```text
✓ Middleware (auth checks, redirects, geo-routing) — must be fast & global
✓ Simple, latency-sensitive endpoints (personalization, A/B, feature flags)
✓ Reading geolocation/headers to tailor responses
```

Edge yana kyau domin **haske mara kauri wanda ke amfani daga kasancewa kusa da mai amfani** da daga faushi mai sauri.

## Lokacin da aka yi amfani da Node.js

```text
✓ Direct database connections (Prisma over TCP, etc.)
✓ Heavy computation, large dependencies, native modules
✓ Anything using Node-specific APIs (fs, crypto.randomBytes via Node, Buffer)
```

## Misalin iyaka na gaske

```ts
export const runtime = "edge";
import fs from "fs";           // ❌ not available on Edge — build/runtime error
import { PrismaClient } from "@prisma/client"; // ⚠️ needs HTTP/data-proxy on Edge
```

Yawancin kyakkyawan karusannu (haɗin gwiwa da buɗɗe tunkunan DB na tsari) ba sa aiwatarwa akan Edge ba tare da jigon da aka takaita ta HTTP - babbar sani.

## Me ya sa yana muhimmi

Zaɓin runtime shine tunani na gida na aini: **Edge** don haske, jiya, haske logista (musamman middleware) tare da ƙaramin jirga na sake, **Node.js** don cikakken shigarwar API, haɗin kai na kai tsaye, da haɗi nauyi.

Sanin iyaka na Edge (Web APIs kawai, babu TCP na tsari, aiwatarwa gaske) yana yadda dalilin kuskure mafi yawa na sanya kudin bakin jiya ko kudin da ya dogara kan Node akan runtime wanda ba zai iya goyon baya ba.