Menene ya kamata ka la'akari da shi lokacin gina microservices a Node?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Microservices** suna raba aikace-aikacen zuwa ƙananan ayyuka waɗanda ba'a iya fitar da su da kille, kowannensu yana mallaki wani yanki na musamman kuma suna sadarwa ta sare. Kawaita Node - amma gida yana gabatar da hadaddun tsarin rarrabe da ya kamata ka shiri.

## Monolith da microservices

```text
Monolith:      one codebase/deployment — simple to build, harder to scale teams
Microservices: many small services — independent deploy/scale, but distributed complexity
```

Microservices suna canza sauƙin likita na jiya da sauki na aiki — kawai lokacin da kaka da gaske buƙa share/fasalin da ba'a iya raba ko akwai ƙungiyoyi da yawa.

## Sadarwa tsakanin ayyuka

```text
Synchronous:  REST / gRPC — direct request/response (simple, but tight coupling + cascading failures)
Asynchronous: message queues (RabbitMQ, Kafka) — events, decoupled, resilient
```

```js
// async/event-driven decouples services — a service publishes an event;
// others react without the publisher knowing/waiting for them
await queue.publish("order.created", { orderId: 123 });
// the email service, inventory service, etc. each consume it independently
```

Fiya **asynchronous messaging** saboda warwarewa kuma jiya lokacin da yake iya; kira synchronous suna da sauƙi kodayake suna ƙara mai kyau kuma suna haifar da gazawa na cascading.

## Mahimman damuwa da ka kamata ka magance

```text
✓ Service discovery / API gateway — how services find each other & route external traffic
✓ Data ownership — each service owns its OWN database (no shared DB) → loose coupling
✓ Resilience — timeouts, retries, circuit breakers (a down service shouldn't cascade)
✓ Distributed tracing & centralized logging — debug a request across many services
✓ Eventual consistency — no cross-service transactions; use sagas / events
✓ Authentication — propagate identity (JWT) across service calls
✓ Idempotency — retried messages shouldn't double-process
```

## Misali na jiya: circuit breaker

```js
// stop hammering a failing dependency; fail fast and recover gracefully
const breaker = new CircuitBreaker(callPaymentService, { timeout: 3000, errorThreshold: 50 });
breaker.fallback(() => ({ status: "queued" })); // degrade gracefully when it's down
```

## Tabbas bada jiya

```text
Microservices add real complexity: network failures, distributed debugging, data
consistency, deployment orchestration, more infrastructure. Many apps are better
as a well-structured monolith. Adopt microservices for specific needs, not by default.
```

## Menene ya kamata ka la'akari da shi

Microservices sune babbar zaɓe na gida mai mahimman jiya.

Node ya dace da su (sauƙi, gaggawa sauri), amma sauran wahalar ba shi code ba — su ne **mahimman damuwa na tsarin rarrabe**: sadarwan ayyuka (fiya asynchronous messaging don warwarewa), mallakar bayanai ta musamman, jiya (timeouts/retries/circuit breakers don tare da cascading gazawa), fahimta (tracing/logging a gida ayyuka), kuma kwanan bayanai na ƙarshe.

Tunani akan waɗanna — kuma gaskiya na tabbas cewa microservices suna ƙara hadaddun abubuwan da marufin aikace-aikace ba su buƙa (monolith mabur yawanci ya fi kyau) — wanne shine wanda ya warware zaɓe na gida mai kyau daga jiya pattern na yada.