Menene npm scripts da lifecycle hooks?

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**npm scripts** ayyuka ne da aka bayyana a gefen `scripts` na `package.json` wanda kake gudanar da shi tare da `npm run `. Suna daidaita ayyukan gida (start, build, test, lint) saboda duk ƙungiyar da CI su yi amfani da daidaitaccen abubuwan umarni. **Lifecycle hooks** abubuwan karni ne na musamman waɗanda npm ke gudana ta atomatik a wasu matakai. ## Bayyana da gudanar da abubuwan karni ```json { "scripts": { "start": "node server.js", "dev": "nodemon server.js", "build": "tsc && vite build", "test": "vitest", "lint": "eslint src", "format": "prettier --write ." } } ``` ```bash npm run dev # any script npm start # `start` and `test` have shortcuts (no "run" needed) npm test ``` Abubuwan karni na iya haɗa abubuwan umarni tare da `&&` (gudane jere-jere, tsayawa akan gazawa) kuma suna da damar shiga ɓataye na gida (a cikin `node_modules/.bin`) ba tare da hanya ba — don haka `"test": "vitest"` yana aiki ko da vitest bai zama zamma ba. ## Pre da post hooks (atomatik) ```json { "scripts": { "prebuild": "rimraf dist", // runs AUTOMATICALLY before "build" "build": "tsc", "postbuild": "echo done" // runs AUTOMATICALLY after "build" } } ``` npm ta atomatik yana gudanar da `pre` kafin da kuma `post` bayan kowane karni ``. Don haka `npm run build` yana gudanar da `prebuild` → `build` → `postbuild` cikin jeri — mai kyau ga matakan shiryawa/tsaftace. ## Built-in lifecycle hooks ```json { "scripts": { "postinstall": "node setup.js", // runs after `npm install` completes "prepare": "husky install" // runs after install (commonly sets up git hooks) } } ``` Hooks kamar `postinstall` da `prepare` suna gudana a sanannun matakai na haɓaka shiryawa — galibi ana amfani da su don shiryar git hooks (husky) ko bida abubuwan asali. (Kazama: `postinstall` abubuwan karni a cikin alaƙa su ma haƙija — ba lallai ba ne kawai mana.) ## Wajen watsa abubuwan umarni da env vars ```bash npm run test -- --watch # pass args to the script after -- NODE_ENV=production npm start # set an env var for the run ``` ## Me yasa npm scripts a gida da Makefile/abubuwan kayan aiki na zama ```text ✓ Self-documenting — `package.json` shows all available tasks ✓ Cross-platform-ish, no global installs needed (uses local node_modules/.bin) ✓ Standard across the JS ecosystem — every dev knows `npm run` ``` ## Me yasa ya zama muhimmi npm scripts shine daidaitaccen aibun gida don ayyukan Node/JS — suna tara da shaida yadda ake amfani da app, gina, gwado, da lint, tiyata cewa kowa (da CI) gudanar da daidaitaccen abubuwan umarni. Janyo da manufa ta script, atomatik `pre`/`post` hooks (don matakai shiryawa/tsaftace), da lifecycle hooks kamar `postinstall`/`prepare` suna ba ku iko na automattar ayyukan gida sannu sannu. Su ne maɗauki na kayan aiki gida kuma suna bayyana kusan kowane Node gida.