psql shine PostgreSQL's interactive command-line client — ana amfani da shi don haɗa zuwa database kuma aiwatar da queries, bincika schema, da kuma gudanar da database. Yana da special meta-commands (waɗanda ke farawa da \) don navigezashi da administration, gaba da aiwatar da SQL.
psql -U username -d database_name -h host -p 5432
psql postgresql://user:pass@host:5432/dbname
psql mydb
\l list all databases
\c dbname connect to a database
\dt list TABLES in the current database
\d tablename describe a table (columns, types, indexes, constraints)
\di list indexes
\dn list schemas
\du list roles/users
\df list functions
\dv list views
\x toggle expanded display (vertical — readable for wide rows)
\timing toggle query timing
\? help on meta-commands
\h SELECT help on a SQL command
\q quit
Waɗannan \ meta-commands suna ba ka damar lada da gudanar da database cikin sauri — \dt (jera yadda, \d tablename (bincika tsarin tebur), kuma \l (jera databases) ana amfani da su akai-akai.
SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 5; -- run SQL directly (end with ;)
psql -d mydb -f script.sql -- run a SQL FILE
psql -d mydb -c "SELECT count(*) FROM users" -- run a single command and exit
\i script.sql -- run a file from within psql
\copy users TO 'users.csv' CSV HEADER -- export to CSV (client-side)
\x auto auto-switch to vertical display for wide results
\timing on show how long each query takes
\e open the last query in an editor
\set, \pset configure variables and output formatting
psql shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, na yau da kullun domin aiki kai tsaye da PostgreSQL — masu fanda kuma DBAs suna amfani da shi akai-akai don haɗawa, bugun tambaya, bincika, da kuma gudanar da databases, saboda haka sani game da essentials shi ne ilmi mai amfani, asali na aike da aiki Postgres.
'illantacce da cewa kayan GUI suna akwai, psql shine haɗi na duniya, koyaushe-akwai interface (akwai inda Postgres ba a) kuma meta-commands sa (\) suna sa shi musamman iko ma'an don bidi database exploration da administration da babu SQL da za ya iya yi sauri: \dt (jera tables), \d tablename (bincika duk tsarin tebur — columns, nau'i, indexes, constraints — aiki da koyaushe ana buƙa), \l (jera databases), \du (jera users/roles), da wasu suna sa ka lada da ganewa database cikin sauri.
Sani game da yadda ka haɗi (da zaɓi ko URL), aiwatar da queries da scripts (-f don fayilolin, -c don ɗaya-jiya umarnin), amfani da meta-commands domin bincika, da mahimman saitattun saiti (\x domin karanta babbar-jiya nuni, \timing domin query timing) shine aiki na kullun ilmi domin duk mai fanda Postgres ko administrator.
'illantacce cewa psql shine standard, yawaita command-line interface zuwa PostgreSQL — ana amfani da shi domin development, debugging, administration, scripting, da exploration — fahimtar essentials commands da workflow shi ne mahimmanci, ana saba da ne ilmi domin duk wanda ke aiki da database kai tsaye.