Factory pattern pruža način za kreiranje objekata bez specificiranja njihove točne klase — metoda ili klasa koja upravlja kreiranjem objekata, odlučujući koji tip instancirati. Centralizira i apstrahira kreiranje objekata, odvajajući kod od konkretnih klasa.
Što Factory pattern radi
FACTORY → encapsulate object CREATION (instead of calling constructors directly):
→ a factory method/class decides WHICH class to instantiate and creates it
→ the caller asks the factory for an object (by type/parameter) → gets the right object
WITHOUT knowing/specifying the concrete class
→ decouples code from CONCRETE classes; centralizes creation logic
