Gitは分散バージョン管理システムです。ファイルの変更を時系列で追跡し、複数の人が協力できるようにし、プロジェクトの完全な履歴を保存します。これはソフトウェア開発における支配的なバージョン管理ツールであり、ほぼすべての現代的な開発に不可欠です。
バージョン管理の機能
Version control tracks CHANGES to code over time, providing:
✓ HISTORY — every change is recorded (who, what, when, why) → see how code evolved
✓ COLLABORATION — multiple people work on the same code without overwriting each other
✓ UNDO/RECOVERY — revert to any previous version; recover from mistakes
✓ BRANCHING — work on features in isolation; merge when ready
✓ BACKUP — the code lives in repositories (distributed copies)
Gitは分散型
Every developer has a FULL COPY of the repository (entire history) locally:
→ work OFFLINE (commit, branch, view history without a network)
→ fast operations (local)
→ no single point of failure (every clone is a full backup)
→ vs centralized VCS (SVN) where there's one central server
→ "Distributed" = the repository is replicated, not centralized.
