セキュリティロギングおよびモニタリングにより、セキュリティの脅威およびインシデントの検出と対応が可能になります。適切なロギング/モニタリングがなければ、攻撃は検出されないままになります。これが「不十分なロギングおよびモニタリング」がセキュリティリスク(OWASP)として認識されている理由です。
なぜ重要なのか
You can't respond to (or even know about) attacks you can't DETECT:
→ without logging/monitoring, breaches go UNNOTICED (often for months) → far more damage
→ "Security Logging and Monitoring Failures" is an OWASP Top 10 risk
→ detection is essential — you can't stop every attack, but you must DETECT and respond.
ログとモニタリングの対象
✓ AUTHENTICATION events → logins, failures, lockouts (detect brute force/credential stuffing)
✓ ACCESS to sensitive data/actions → audit trail (who did what, when)
✓ AUTHORIZATION failures → repeated denied access (probing/attacks)
✓ Anomalies → unusual patterns, spikes, suspicious behavior, errors
✓ ADMINISTRATIVE/privileged actions; config changes; security-relevant events
⚠️ but DON'T log sensitive data (passwords, full card numbers, secrets) — that's a risk itself
