Mbangun Docker images lan containers kanthi kualitas produksi ngetutup praktik-praktik sing wis mapan best practices — kanggo ukuran image, security, caching, configuration, lan reliability. Ngetutup praktik kasebut ngasilake images sing cilik, aman, efisien, lan mudah dipelihara.
✓ Use SMALL base images (alpine, slim, distroless) — smaller, fewer vulnerabilities
✓ MULTI-STAGE builds — exclude build tools from the final image
✓ Order Dockerfile for LAYER CACHING (dependencies before code)
✓ Use .dockerignore — exclude unneeded files (node_modules, .git, secrets) from context
✓ Combine RUN commands and clean up in the same layer (smaller layers)
✓ Run as a NON-ROOT user (USER instruction) — don't run containers as root
✓ Use SPECIFIC image tags/digests (not "latest") — reproducible, predictable
✓ Don't bake SECRETS into images (no passwords/keys in Dockerfile/layers) — use
runtime env vars, secrets management, or build secrets
✓ Scan images for vulnerabilities (docker scout, Trivy, Snyk)
✓ Use trusted/official base images; keep them updated (patch CVEs)
✓ Minimize installed packages (smaller attack surface)
✓ Configure via ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (12-factor) — not hardcoded
✓ One main PROCESS per container (containers should be single-purpose)
✓ Add HEALTHCHECKs — let orchestrators know when a container is healthy
✓ Log to STDOUT/STDERR — let the platform collect logs (don't log to files in the container)
✓ Make containers STATELESS where possible; persist data in volumes
✓ Handle SIGTERM for graceful shutdown
Memahami praktik paling apik Docker penting kanggo mbangun aplikasi containerized kanthi kualitas produksi, dadi iku pengetahuan sing berharga sing mbedakake penggunaan Docker profesional.
Praktik-praktik kasebut ngatasi kekhawatiran produksi nyata ing sawetara dimensi. Praktik image size lan efisiensi (base images cilik, multi-stage builds, layer-caching-friendly ordering, .dockerignore) ngasilake images sing luwih cilik, luwih cepet dilangsir, lan luwih efisien — mbaka ngaruhi kecepatan deployment, panyimpenan, lan biaya. Praktik security sangat penting: nglakoni minangka non-root user (praktik sing kritis — containers sing nglakoni minangka root minangka risiko security sing signifikan yen dikompromesi), nggunakake specific image tags (ora latest, kanggo reproducibility), ora nglebokake secrets menyang images (kesalahan serius lan umum — secrets ing layer image bisa diekstrak; gunakake runtime environment variables utawa secrets management kuganen), scanning kanggo vulnerabilities, lan nggunakake trusted, updated, minimal base images (nyuda attack surface) — iki nyegah vulnerabilities security sejati ing containerized deployments. Praktik configuration lan reliability (configuring via environment variables miturut twelve-factor principles, siji proses per container, health checks kanggo orchestrators, logging menyang stdout/stderr kanggo platform log collection, statelessness kanthi volumes kanggo data, lan graceful shutdown handling) ngasilake containers sing nglakoni kanthi apik ing produksi lan orchestrated environments.
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