Apa iku Kubernetes lan apa wae konsep-konsep intiné?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Kubernetes (K8s)** minangka platform **container orchestration** sing dominan — ngendalikan penyebaran otomatis, scaling, lan pengelolaan aplikasi berkontainer saindro cluster mesin. Pamahaman babagan konsep-konsep intiné (pods, deployments, services, biyèn) penting kanggo njalankan container kanthi skala gedhe.

## Apa sing Kubernetes lakoni

```text
Kubernetes manages containers across a CLUSTER of nodes (machines), providing:
  → SCHEDULING (place containers on nodes), SELF-HEALING (restart failed containers),
    SCALING (up/down, auto), ROLLING UPDATES/rollbacks, SERVICE DISCOVERY,
    LOAD BALANCING, CONFIG/SECRET management, STORAGE orchestration
→ DECLARATIVE: you describe the DESIRED STATE; K8s continuously makes reality match it.
```

## Konsep-konsep inti

```text
POD       → the smallest deployable unit: one (or a few tightly-coupled) containers
            sharing network/storage. K8s schedules pods (not bare containers).
DEPLOYMENT→ declares desired pods (replicas) for a stateless app; manages rollouts,
            scaling, self-healing (recreates pods to match the desired count).
SERVICE   → a stable network endpoint + load balancing for a set of pods (pods are
            ephemeral with changing IPs; a Service gives a stable name/IP).
INGRESS   → routes external HTTP(S) traffic to services (with rules, TLS).
CONFIGMAP / SECRET → inject configuration / sensitive data into pods.
NAMESPACE → virtual cluster partitioning (isolate environments/teams).
NODE      → a worker machine; the CONTROL PLANE manages the cluster.
```

## Model deklaratif

```yaml
# describe DESIRED state in YAML; K8s makes it so (and keeps it so)
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3                  # "I want 3 instances" → K8s ensures 3 are always running
  # if a pod dies, K8s creates a new one; if a node fails, pods move
```

## Mengapa iku penting

Pamahaman babagan Kubernetes lan konsep-konsep intiné minangka pengetahuan tingkat senior sing penting kanggo **njalankan aplikasi berkontainer kanthi skala gedhe**, amarga Kubernetes minangka platform orchestration standar industri sing dominan lan ndasari akèh penyebaran cloud-native modern.

Pamahaman babagan **apa sing Kubernetes lakoni** — ngendalikan penjadwalan otomatis, self-healing, scaling, rolling updates, service discovery, lan load balancing saindro cluster, kabèh liwat model **deklaratif** nang dané déké nerangake state sing dikarepake lan Kubernetes terus njupuk panggétnan kanggo nggawé realitas matches — nangkep kemampuan operasional sing kuwaé lan pendekatan fundamental-ipun.

Pamahaman babagan **konsep-konsep inti** penting kanggo makarya kaliyan Kubernetes: **pods** (unit deployable paling cilik, bungkus containers), **deployments** (nerangake replika sing dikarepake lan ngatur rollouts, scaling, lan self-healing kanggo aplikasi stateless), **services** (nyediakake endpoints jaringan stabil lan load balancing kanggo pods yang éphemeral — mungkasi masalah yen IP pod owah-owahan), **ingress** (arah lalu lintas eksternal), **ConfigMaps/Secrets** (injeksi konfigurasi lan data sensitif), lan **namespaces** (partisi cluster) — iki minangka blok bangunan aplikasi Kubernetes apa wae.

Model **deklaratif** (nunjukake desired state misalé "3 replicas" lan biarké Kubernetes nénggani iku, rekréasi pods sing gagal otomatis) minangka pergeseran konseptual kunci sing ngénakské self-healing lan operasi sing dipercaya.

Amarga Kubernetes minangka standar de facto kanggo container orchestration (digunakké kanthi luwes kanggo aplikasi cloud-native kanthi skala gedhe), lan amarga pamahaman babagan konsep-konsep inti lan model deklaratif-ipun minangka fondasi kanggo penyebaran lan pengelolaan containers ing lingkungan produksi modern, pamahaman Kubernetes dasar minangka pengetahuan tingkat senior sing penting — saya-saya penting kanggo peran infrastruktur modern, ngaformat carane aplikasi berkontainer ditjalanakké kanthi aman kanthi skala gedhe lan nyediakake fondasi konseptual kanggo makarya kaliyan platform orchestration sing dominan ing penyebaran cloud-native.