Piye cara sampeyan ngarsitek aplikasi Flutter?

Question

Accepted Answer

Ngarsitek aplikasi Flutter kanthi bener involves **mpisahake concern** (UI, business logic, data), milih **pendekatan state management**, lan struktur kode kanggo **maintainability, testability, lan scalability**. Arsitektur sing apik penting nalika aplikasi berkembang.

## Pemisahan concern (layers)

```text
Separate the app into LAYERS with clear responsibilities:
  PRESENTATION (UI) → widgets/screens; display + user interaction (no business logic)
  BUSINESS LOGIC → state management, use cases, app logic (independent of UI)
  DATA → repositories, data sources (APIs, local DB), models
→ Each layer has ONE responsibility; depends only on lower layers → maintainable, testable.
```

## Pola arsitektur umum

```text
✓ Layered/CLEAN architecture → presentation / domain / data layers; dependencies point
  inward; business logic independent of UI and frameworks
✓ MVVM → View (widgets) + ViewModel (state/logic) + Model (data)
✓ Repository pattern → abstract data access (UI/logic don't know if data is from API or
  cache) → swappable, testable
✓ State management (Bloc, Riverpod, etc.) structures the logic layer
```

## Struktur proyek

```text
→ Organize by FEATURE (recommended for larger apps) or by layer:
  lib/features/auth/{presentation, domain, data}/
  lib/features/cart/...
  lib/core/ (shared: networking, utils, theme)
→ Feature-based structure scales well; keeps related code together.
```

## Prinsip kanggo arsitektur sing apik

```text
✓ SEPARATION OF CONCERNS — UI separate from logic separate from data
✓ TESTABILITY — business logic testable without UI; mockable dependencies
✓ DEPENDENCY INJECTION — provide dependencies (don't hardcode) → testable, flexible
✓ Keep widgets DUMB (display); logic in the state/logic layer
✓ Don't over-engineer small apps; scale architecture to the app's complexity
```

## Kenapa iku penting

Nanggap apa carane ngarsitek aplikasi Flutter minangka kawruh tingkat senior sing penting jalaran **arsitektur sing apik penting kanggo mbangun aplikasi sing maintainable, testable, lan scalable** nalika berkembang, dadi iku berharga kanggo Flutter development sing serius.

Nalika aplikasi berkembang ngluwihi contoh sederhana, arsitektur sing kurang apik (logic campur ing widget, ora ana pemisahan concern) ndadekake luwih angel dipelihara, ditest, lan dikembangake — mbutsaken pamikiran arsitektur penting.

Pronsip pokok — **mpisahake concern ing layers** (presentation/UI kanggo tampilan lan interaksi, business logic kanggo logika lan state aplikasi, data kanggo repository lan source) kanthi tanggung jawab lan dependensi sing jelas — minangka fundamental kanggo kode sing maintainable lan testable, njaga UI gratis saka business logic lan ndadekake saben layer bisa dimangertos lan diganti kanthi independen.

Nanggap **pola umum** — layered/clean architecture (kanthi business logic independen saka UI lan framework), MVVM, lan **repository pattern** (abstraksi akses data supaya UI lan logic ora tergantung apa data teka saka API utawa cache, ndadekake bisa ditukar lan ditest) — nyedhiyake struktur sing terbukti.

Nanggap **struktur proyek** (organize dening fitur kanggo aplikasi sing luwih gedhe, njaga kode sing gegandhengan, sing scalable apik) minangka berharga secara praktis.

**Prinsip kanggo arsitektur sing apik** — pemisahan concern, testability (business logic bisa ditest tanpa UI), **dependency injection** (nyedhiyake dependensi tinimbang hardcode, kanggo testability lan flexibility), njaga widget "dumb" (tampilan mung, logic ing logic layer), lan ora over-engineering aplikasi cilik (scalable arsitektur kanggo kompleksitas) — cerminan pamikiran arsitektur matang.

Sajak arsitektur sing apik essential kanggo aplikasi Flutter yang maintainable, testable, scalable nalika berkembang (kanthi arsitektur sing kurang apik ndadekake masalah maintenance lan testing nyata), lan sajak nanggap layered separation, pola kaya repository, struktur proyek, lan prinsip arsitektur ngaktifake mbangun aplikasi sing strukture apik, nanggap apa carane ngarsitek aplikasi Flutter minangka kawruh tingkat senior sing penting kanggo Flutter development sing serius — kompetensi kunci kanggo mbangun aplikasi yang maintainable lan scalable sing ngebedaake professional development, cerminan pamikiran arsitektur sing diwonten kanggo peran senior.