Apa widget Material lan Cupertino?

Question

Accepted Answer

Flutter nyediakne rong sistem desain utama minangka set widget: **Material** (Material Design saka Google, gaya Android) lan **Cupertino** (gaya iOS). Luwih-luwih kowe kanggo mbangun UI sing cocog karo basa desain saben platform, utawa tampilan kustom sing konsisten.

## Widget Material (Material Design)

```dart
// Material widgets follow Google's Material Design (Android look, but usable anywhere)
MaterialApp(                       // the app root for Material apps
  home: Scaffold(                  // Material page structure
    appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Material')),
    body: Center(
      child: ElevatedButton(       // Material button
        onPressed: () {},
        child: Text('Material Button'),
      ),
    ),
    floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(onPressed: () {}),
  ),
)
// Material widgets: Scaffold, AppBar, ElevatedButton, Card, FloatingActionButton, etc.
```

## Widget Cupertino (gaya iOS)

```dart
// Cupertino widgets follow Apple's iOS design language
CupertinoApp(
  home: CupertinoPageScaffold(
    navigationBar: CupertinoNavigationBar(middle: Text('iOS')),
    child: Center(
      child: CupertinoButton(      // iOS-style button
        onPressed: () {},
        child: Text('iOS Button'),
      ),
    ),
  ),
)
// Cupertino widgets: CupertinoButton, CupertinoNavigationBar, CupertinoPicker, etc.
```

## Milih lan UI adaptif platform

```text
→ MATERIAL → most common default; works on all platforms; Google's design system
→ CUPERTINO → for an authentic iOS look
→ Many apps just use Material everywhere (consistent, simpler) — Flutter draws its own
  UI, so Material works fine on iOS too
→ PLATFORM-ADAPTIVE → use Material on Android, Cupertino on iOS (native feel per platform)
  — more effort; choose based on whether platform-native look matters
```

## Kenapa iku penting

Namung Material lan Cupertino widget punika penting amarga iku loro sistem desain utama Flutter, nyediakne widget sing digunakake kanggo mbangun UI aplikasi, mula iku katrangan dhasar sing bisa digunakake. **Widget Material** (ngleksanakne Material Design saka Google, basa desain gaya Android) iku standar paling umum lan kalebu widget penting sing digunakake ing akeh-akehe aplikasi Flutter (Scaffold kanggo struktur halaman, AppBar, tombol, Cards, FloatingActionButton) — namung iku kudu dimangerteni amarga akeh-akehe aplikasi Flutter nggunakake Material. **Widget Cupertino** (ngleksanakne basa desain iOS saka Apple) ngungkuli kowe kanggo mbangun antarmuka sing asli kaya iOS.

Namung loro lan **carane milih** punika praktis penting: kayadene aplikasi **nggunakake Material ing kabeh panggon** (konsisten lan luwih prasaja, lan amarga Flutter nggambar UI dheweke, Material tumpak uga ing iOS), nalika aplikasi sing pengin **tampilan asli platform** bisa nggunakake **pendekatan adaptif platform** (Material ing Android, Cupertino ing iOS, pastra saben platform tampilan asline kanthi biaya luwih akeh).

Namung pilihan iki — Material konsisten ing kabeh panggon (luwih prasaja) laban adaptif platform (tampilan asli saben platform) — mapyakake keputusan desain nyata ing pangembangan Flutter.

Mangu set widget kang ana lan sistem desaine punika dhasar kanggo mbangun UI sing tampilan layak, bakal cocog karo konvensi platform utawa nulis desain kustom konsisten.

Kerana mbangun UI Flutter kudu nggunakake set widget iki (Material dadi standar umum, Cupertino kanggo stilisasi iOS) lan mangu lan pilihan antara desain konsisten laban adaptif platform iku berguna kanggo nggawe aplikasi tampilan layak, mangu Material lan Cupertino widget punika ilmu dhasar Flutter penting — kudu kanggo mbangun UI (utamane widget Material ora ana tangga) lan berguna kanggo nggawe keputusan apik bab tampilan aplikasi lan konvensi platform, aspek praktis pangembangan UI Flutter saben hari.