Apa iku kondisi detached HEAD ing Git?

Question

Accepted Answer

A **detached HEAD** occurs ketika HEAD menunjuk langsung menyang **commit** tinimbang menyang branch. Iki minangka kondisi normal (dudu kesalahan) sing kelakon nalika sampeyan checkout commit, tag, utawa remote commit tartamtu — nanging commit ing kondisi iki ateges ada risiko ilang karya, dadi paham babagan iki penting.

## Apa sing biasane HEAD tunjuk

```text
NORMALLY: HEAD → a BRANCH (e.g. main) → a commit
  → when you commit, the branch pointer advances, and HEAD follows it
DETACHED: HEAD → directly to a COMMIT (not through a branch)
  → you're "not on any branch" — looking at a specific commit
```

## Kapan detached HEAD kelakon

```bash
git checkout <commit-hash>     # check out a specific commit → DETACHED HEAD
git checkout v1.0.0            # check out a tag → detached HEAD
git checkout origin/main       # check out a remote-tracking branch → detached
# Git warns: "You are in 'detached HEAD' state..."
```

Sampeyan mlebu kondisi detached HEAD kanthi checkout commit, tag, utawa remote-tracking branch kanthi langsung — normal kanggo inspeksi kondisi lawas.

## Risiko: commit bisa ilang

```text
⚠️ If you make COMMITS in detached HEAD, they belong to NO branch:
  → when you switch away, those commits become unreachable (orphaned)
  → Git may eventually garbage-collect them → work LOST
→ To KEEP commits made in detached HEAD, create a branch:
```

```bash
# made commits in detached HEAD and want to keep them?
git switch -c new-branch       # create a branch HERE → commits are now safe
# (if you already left: git reflog finds the lost commits)
```

## Mengapa iki penting

Paham babagan kondisi detached HEAD penting amarga iki minangka sumber kebingungan sing umum (lan risiko ilang karya) kanggo pengguna Git, dadi ngerti apa iku lan carane nangani iku minangka pengetahuan praktis sing berharga.

Konsep kunci — HEAD biasane menunjuk menyang **branch** (dadi commit kemajuan branch lan disimpen), nanging ing **detached HEAD** iku menunjuk **langsung menyang commit** (sampeyan "ora ing cabang mana pun") — nerangake kondisi sing asring katon misterius.

Paham manawa iku **kondisi normal, dudu kesalahan** (pesen pépésan Git bisa nggawe kagethan) ngilangake kebingungan: iku mung kelakon nalika sampeyan checkout commit, tag, utawa remote-tracking branch tartamtu kanggo inspeksi kondisi lawas — aksi sing sah lan umum.

Kritisly, paham **risiko** penting: **commit sing digawe ing detached HEAD ora duwé cabang**, dadi nalika sampeyan muter adoh iku dadi orphaned lan bisa akhire garbage-collected, ilang karya — carane nyata wong ilang commit.

Ngerti perbaikan — **nggawe branch** (`git switch -c`) kanggo angker commit sing digawe ing detached HEAD, njaga iku aman (lan manawa `git reflog` bisa mulihake iku yén sampeyan wis mangkat) — minangka pengetahuan praktis sing penting sing ngowahi situasi membingungkan, potensyal-ilang-karya dadi sing bisa dikelola.

Séjéné detached HEAD minangka kondisi umum-ketemu sing nggawe kebingungan akeh lan bisa ndadekake ilang commit yén ora digerti, lan séjéné ngerti apa iku (normal, menunjuk menyang commit ora cabang), kapan iku kelakon, risiko, lan carane nylametake karya penting kanggo nggunakake Git kanthi yakin, paham babagan kondisi detached HEAD penting, pengetahuan Git sing relevan-praktis — njlentrehake situasi sing asring nggawe kebingungan lan nyegah masalah nyata ilang commit sing digawe nalika ora ing cabang, pengetahuan bermanfaat kanggo developer mana pun navigasi riwayat Git.