Apa iku Eloquent lan kepriye nggunakake model?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Eloquent** minangka ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) Laravel — nggunakake pola **Active Record**, ing ngendi saben tabel database duwe klas **Model** sing cocog, lan instansi model makili larik. Iki nyedhiyakake cara sing elegan lan ekspresif kanggo nanya lan manipulasi database tanpa nulis SQL.

## Nggawe model

```php
<?php
class User extends Model {
    // by convention, the User model maps to the "users" table automatically
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'email'];   // mass-assignable fields (security)
}
// generate with: php artisan make:model User
```

Model nambah `Model` lan peta menyang tabel kanthi konvensi penamaan (`User` → `users`). Daftar `$fillable` ngontrol sapikal field bisa dipassign massal (fitur keamanan).

## Operasi CRUD (Active Record)

```php
// CREATE
$user = User::create(['name' => 'Ann', 'email' => 'ann@x.com']);
$user = new User; $user->name = 'Bob'; $user->save();

// READ
User::all();                              // all rows
User::find(1);                            // by primary key
User::where('active', true)->get();        // query with conditions
User::where('email', $email)->first();     // first match

// UPDATE
$user->update(['name' => 'New Name']);
$user->name = 'X'; $user->save();

// DELETE
$user->delete();
User::destroy(1);
```

API fluent lan chainable Eloquent maca meh kaya Inggris lan ngasilake SQL kanggo sampeyan — ora ana nanyane mentah kanggo operasi umum.

## Nanya kanthi fluent builder

```php
User::where('age', '>', 18)
    ->where('active', true)
    ->orderBy('name')
    ->limit(10)
    ->get();                              // chainable query building

User::where('role', 'admin')->count();
User::where('email', $e)->exists();
```

## Model luwih saka data

```php
class Post extends Model {
    public function author() {                          // a relationship
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
    public function getExcerptAttribute() {              // an accessor (computed attribute)
        return Str::limit($this->body, 100);
    }
}
$post->author;       // the related User
$post->excerpt;       // computed attribute
```

## Dene iku penting

Eloquent pusat ing Laravel — iku carane aplikasi ber-interaksi karo database, lan desain Active Record sing elegan minangka salah sawijining fitur framework sing paling dirayani, dadi nguasai iku penting kanggo pembangunan Laravel apa wae.

Kawruh carane nggawe model (peta menyang tabel kanthi konvensi), nindakake operasi CRUD, lan nanya kanthi builder fluent lan chainable minangka pengetahuan dina saben dina, dasar amarga akses data minangka inti kanggo luwih akeh aplikasi.

API ekspresif lan ngrungokake Eloquent (`User::where(...)->orderBy(...)->get()`) ngidini sampeyan makarya karo database ing PHP bersih tanpa nulis SQL, banget nambah produktifitas lan readabilitas.

Model uga luwih saka wadah data — padha nggawe **hubungan** (nyambung tabel sing ana sambungan) lan bisa duwe **aksessor/mutator** (atribut sing diitung) lan logika bisnis, nggaweke objek domeni sing sugih.

Kawruh perlindungan passwrd massal `$fillable` (panggenan keamanan) uga penting.

Samarga Eloquent iku carane aplikasi Laravel maca lan nulis data — lan katon ing metu-metu saben app Laravel — nguasai model lan API nanya Eloquent minangka bahan dasar, kudu-kudu ngerti sing nopang pembangunan Laravel sing efektif.