Piye carane job sing antri (queued jobs) nanggung jawab ing Laravel?

Question

Accepted Answer

Sistem **antri (queue)** Laravel nyinaoni napa kamulyahan gawe (ngirim email, ngolah file, nelpon API sing alon) bisa tumindak **ing ngarepan**, supaya pangguna entuk wangsulan cepet. Gawe dikapsulasi minangka **Jobs**, didorong menyang antri, lan diproses dening **worker** terpisah.

## Masalah sing diatasi antri

```text
Slow work done inline makes the user wait and risks request timeouts:
  ✗ sending emails, processing images/video, generating reports, calling slow APIs
  ✓ QUEUE it → respond to the user immediately → a worker handles it in the background
```

## Nggawe lan ngirim job

```php
<?php
// php artisan make:job ProcessPodcast
class ProcessPodcast implements ShouldQueue {
    public function __construct(public Podcast $podcast) {}

public function handle(): void {
        // the slow work — runs in a WORKER, not the web request
        $this->podcast->process();
    }
}
```

```php
// dispatch the job — pushes it onto the queue, returns IMMEDIATELY
ProcessPodcast::dispatch($podcast);
ProcessPodcast::dispatch($podcast)->delay(now()->addMinutes(10));   // delayed
```

Ngimplementasi `ShouldQueue` nggawe job bisa diantri. `dispatch()` nyurung menyang antri lan mulih langsung — pangguna ora nganteni gawe.

## Ngolah job (workers)

```bash
php artisan queue:work          # run a worker to process queued jobs
# in production: run workers as a supervised process (Supervisor) or use Horizon
```

Proses **worker** terpisah nyolong job saka antri lan njalanake. Backend antri kaya Redis, database, SQS, lan sapanunggale.

## Fitur keandalan

```php
class ProcessPodcast implements ShouldQueue {
    public $tries = 3;             // retry up to 3 times on failure
    public $backoff = 60;          // wait 60s between retries
    public function failed(Throwable $e): void { /* handle final failure */ }
}
```

```text
✓ Retries with backoff (resilience), failed-job handling
✓ Persistence (jobs survive restarts via the queue backend)
✓ Laravel Horizon → a dashboard for monitoring/managing Redis queues
```

## Kita panjenengan napa iki penting

Job antri iku butuh kanggo mbangun aplikasi Laravel sing cepet lan bisa berkembang — ngawahdal gawe alon utawa alon saka siklus panjalukan iku kebutuhan umum lan penting, lan sistem antri Laravel nggawe iku elegan.

Mangu iki penting amerga gawe sing alon langsung (ngirim email, ngolah media, nggawe laporan, nelpon layanan luar sing alon) nyebabake pangguna nganteni, bisa nyebabake panjalukan mati, lan kalah gawe yen bosok — diadangi **antri** iku napa kamulyahan iku pangguna langsung bareng **worker** ngarepan ngolah iku kanthi angon.

Luwih saka asil antri munggal, antri Laravel nyinaoni kaluaran produksi penting: **ulang otomatis karo mundur** (ketahanan marang bosok sementara), **kekalan** (job bakal bertahan bosok/mbangun maneh liwat backend antri, mula gawe ora ilang), nangani job bosok, nyurung antri tunda, lan ngawasi liwat Horizon.

Mangu penting carane nggawe job (`ShouldQueue`), ngirim (`mulih langsung`), ngolah karo worker (`queue:work`, diawasi ing produksi), lan nata fitur keandalan iku katrangan penting kanggo mbangun aplikasi sing tangani gawe abot utawa antri kanthi terhormat.

Amarga aplikasi cepet biasane kudu nyurung gawe menyang ngarepan — lan amarga sistem antri Laravel iku cara elegan lan idiomatis kanggo nggawe iku karo keandalan ing-bangun — menguasai job lan antri iku katrangan penting sing ana sambung, penting kanggo mbangun aplikasi Laravel tingkat produksi sing tetep cepet lan angon ing beban nyata.