Edge cases huma inputs u kundizzjonijiet inusswali jew li jinsabu fil-ħdود tat-teknoloġija, fejn il-bugs ħafna drabi jiddendlu — inputs vojta, ħdود, nulls, valuri kbar, iżbalji. Ittestjar effettiv imur lil hinn mill-"happy path" biex jikkopri dawn, peress li edge cases huma sors komuni ta' difetti reali.
Għaliex edge cases huma importanti
The HAPPY PATH (normal, expected inputs) usually works. BUGS hide in EDGE CASES:
→ unusual inputs, boundaries, error conditions, unexpected states
→ testing only the happy path misses where defects actually occur
→ Thorough testing covers edge cases — that's where it adds the most value.
Kategoriji komuni ta' edge cases
EMPTY / NULL → empty string/list/collection, null/undefined, missing values
BOUNDARIES → min/max values, 0, -1, off-by-one (first/last element, limits)
LARGE / extreme → very large inputs, long strings, huge numbers, overflow
INVALID → wrong types, malformed data, out-of-range, special characters
ERROR conditions → network failures, exceptions, timeouts, unavailable dependencies
STATE → empty/initial state, concurrent access, unexpected sequences of actions
SPECIAL values → negative numbers, zero, duplicates, unicode/emoji, very small/large
