Frameworks de testes são ferramentas que fornecem a estrutura e utilitários para escrever e executar testes — organização de testes, assertions, execução, relatórios e muito mais. Cada linguagem tem frameworks populares (Jest, JUnit, pytest, etc.). Eles tornam os testes práticos e padronizados.
O que os frameworks de testes fornecem
✓ TEST STRUCTURE — define tests and group them (test/it, describe/suite)
✓ ASSERTIONS — check expected outcomes (expect, assert) with helpful matchers
✓ TEST RUNNER — discover, run all tests, and report pass/fail results
✓ SETUP/TEARDOWN — run code before/after tests (beforeEach, afterEach) for shared setup
✓ MOCKING — create test doubles (mocks, stubs, spies) for dependencies
✓ REPORTING — clear output, failure details, coverage integration
