Menene mafita na aminci AWS?

Question

Accepted Answer

Kare AWS ya kunshi dabarbari da yawa — **asali da izini (IAM)**, **aminci hanyar sadarwa**, **garkuwa da bayanai (encryption)**, **sauraro/gano**, da bin **saman alhakin kulawa**. Aminci shine abin da ya dace, aiki na cigaba da ginshiki na Well-Architected.

## Saman alhakin kulawa

```text
AWS secures the CLOUD (infrastructure: hardware, facilities, managed service internals).
YOU secure what's IN the cloud (your data, IAM, network config, OS patching on EC2,
  application security, access control).
→ Know the boundary: AWS handles infrastructure; YOU handle configuration and data.
  Most breaches are CUSTOMER misconfigurations (e.g. public S3 buckets), not AWS failures.
```

## Asali da izini

```text
✓ LEAST PRIVILEGE — grant only needed permissions (the most important IAM principle)
✓ Use ROLES (temporary credentials) not long-lived access keys; rotate any keys
✓ Protect the ROOT account (MFA, don't use it daily); enforce MFA broadly
✓ Use IAM properly; SCPs for org guardrails; audit with Access Analyzer
```

## Aminci hanyar sadarwa da bayanai

```text
NETWORK → VPC isolation; private subnets for backends; security groups (least access);
  don't expose resources publicly unnecessarily (databases in private subnets!)
DATA → ENCRYPT at rest (S3, EBS, RDS — often a checkbox) and in transit (TLS);
  manage keys (KMS); ⚠️ avoid public S3 buckets (a top cause of breaches);
  classify and protect sensitive data; manage secrets (Secrets Manager, not in code)
```

## Gano da sauraro

```text
✓ CloudTrail → log ALL API activity (audit trail — who did what)
✓ GuardDuty → threat detection; Config → compliance/configuration auditing
✓ Security Hub → centralized security posture; CloudWatch alarms on suspicious activity
✓ Detect and respond to incidents; review regularly
```

## Me ya bukata haka

Ganewa da mafita na aminci AWS shine muhimmin ilimin matakin senior domin aminci shi ne ɗakikacar abin dogara, kuma sararin ruwan gida yana da abin dogara na aminci na musamman, saboda haka shine dole a gani domin aiki da AWS a hanya da ke da hankali.
" Saman alhakin kulawa" shine tushe: AWS tana kare jiya ta ƙasa, amma **kai ne alfari ne garkuwa da bayananka, izini, tsarin hanyar sadarwa, da aikace-aikace** — kuma abin mahimmanci shine **galibi warka-warka tana fitowa daga daidaita-daidaita na abokin kasuwa** (kamar buɗen buge S3 ko izini masu ɓalbaja), ba rashin aiki na jiya AWS ba, saboda haka sanin alhakinsa ne dole.

Shokabar aminci kowa ta dace: **asali da izini** (musamman **izini marasa fa'i** — mafita ta IAM mahimmanci — amfani da roli a maimakon maɓuɓɓuga dogara jiya, kariya asusu sa, da tilastawa MFA) yana hana kuskure na izini-daukar da ke haifar da yawa warka-warka; **aminci hanyar sadarwa** (VPC ware, sunan ɗabi'u na abokin ruwan gida kamar bayanai, sunayen aminci marasa fa'i, kariyar abubuwan jiya) yana kare tsarin a jiya na hanyar sadarwa; **garkuwa da bayanai** (encryption acikin sanyi da tsari, baje da maɓalli, kariyar buɗen buge S3, adalci na asirru) yana kare bayanain ɗaraja; da **gano da sauraro** (CloudTrail domin rubuta jadawali, GuardDuty domin gano baƙi, Config domin rikon, Security Hub) yana ba da damisin gano da amsawa ga baƙi.

Ganewa da tsarin da aka ɗama — da cewa aminci shine aiki na cigaba na magana da rashin aiki na duniya na gaske (daidaita-daidaita, wazuwa izini, buɗe bayanai, bayanain ba encryption ba) — yana nuna tunani na aminci da ake bukatar domin sarrafa AWS.

Domin aminci AWS shine abin dogara (warka-warka biye da tsada kuma sauran, galibi daga daidaita-daidaita abokin kasuwa) kuma yana bukatar kariya da dabarbari jiya asali, sadarwa, bayanai, da gano, kuma domin ganewa da saman alhakin kulawa da mafita shine dole ne a kariyar tsarin AWS, ganewa da mafita na aminci AWS shine muhimmin ilimin matakin senior domin aiki da AWS a hanya da ke da hankali — wuri na girma-girma inda ganewa da mafita (musamman izini marasa fa'i, kariyar buɗe bayanai, encryption, da sauraro) kai kaɗai yana hana rashin aiki na aminci da yawa na duniya da ke haifar da warka-warka, yana nuna alhakin aminci da ake so domin wurare na ruwan gida na matakin senior.