AWS IAM nima ne?

Question

AWS IAM nima ne?

Accepted Answer

**IAM** (Identity and Access Management) yana sarrafa **wane zai iya yin abin da** a AWS — sarrafa masu amfani, ƙungiyoyi, raina, da ikon. Yana da mahimmanci ga tsaron AWS: kowane aiki ana ba da izini ta hanyar IAM, saboda haka fahimtar shi yana da mahimmanci.

## Abin da IAM ke sarrafa

```text
IAM controls AUTHENTICATION (who you are) and AUTHORIZATION (what you can do):
  USERS    → individual identities (people or applications) with credentials
  GROUPS   → collections of users (assign permissions to a group → all its users get them)
  ROLES    → identities ASSUMED temporarily (by users, services, or AWS resources)
             — no permanent credentials; key for services/cross-account access
  POLICIES → JSON documents defining PERMISSIONS (what actions on what resources)
```

## Manufofin tsari — ba da tsarin ikon

```json
{
  "Effect": "Allow",
  "Action": ["s3:GetObject", "s3:PutObject"],
  "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*"
}
// → allows getting/putting objects in my-bucket (and nothing else)
```

Manufofin tsari (JSON) suna bayyana **wane ayyukan** da ake yarda/ƙi a **wanne albarkatun** — ana haɗa su da masu amfani, ƙungiyoyi, ko raina don ba da ikon.

## Raina — ƙayyadaddun asusun gida (mahimmanci sosai)

```text
ROLES grant temporary permissions without long-lived credentials:
  → an EC2 instance assumes a role → its app accesses S3 (no embedded keys!)
  → a Lambda function assumes a role for its permissions
  → cross-account access; federated/SSO access
→ Roles avoid hardcoding credentials — a security best practice.
```

## Sauran matakin gidankala

```text
✓ LEAST PRIVILEGE — grant only the permissions actually needed (not broad/admin)
✓ Use ROLES for applications/services (not embedded access keys)
✓ Enable MFA; protect the root account (don't use it for daily work)
✓ Use groups for permission management; rotate credentials; audit access
```

## Ke me yake mahimmanci

Fahimtar IAM yana da mahimmanci saboda ita ce tushe na tsaron AWS — kowane aiki a AWS ana ba da izini ta hanyar IAM, saboda haka ita ce abin da dole ne a sani, ilimin da dole ne a sani na aiki da AWS cikin aminci.

IAM yana sarrafa **wane zai iya yin abin da** ta hanyar abubuwan mahimmancin sa: **masu amfani** (asusun gida masu izini), **ƙungiyoyi** (don sarrafa ikon haɗa haɗi), **raina** (asusun gida na waje), da **manufofin tsari** (labarina JSON masu bayyana ikon).

Fahimtar **manufofin tsari** (wanda yake bayyana wane ayyukan da ake yarda akan wanne albarkatun) yana da mahimmanci don ba da ikon da fahimtar ikon daidai.

Fahimtar **raina** yana da mahimmanci musamman: suna ba da **ƙayyadaddun asusun gida ba tare da maɓalɓali na dogon lokaci**, yana sanar da AWS EC2 instances, Lambda ayyukan, da sauran sabis don samun dama AWS albarkatun da aminci **ba tare da sanya maɓallacin shiryewa** — matakin aminci mahimmanci da yawa wanda zai kawar da haɗarin rikitattun maɓallacin.

Fahimtar **sauran matakin gidankala** — musamman **ƙure-karɓa** (ba da ikon da kawai ake buƙata, ba iko masu mahimmanci ba, iyakance babbar kasuwar gudu), amfani da raina don aiki, kunna MFA, da karni maɓalli na tushe — yana da mahimmanci ga tsaron AWS, saboda rashin tunani na IAM (ikon masu baji, maɓallacin da suka bugi) yana daga gida na kasuwa na kafar-taske na tsaron.

Saboda IAM ita ce babbar kapama ga dukan samun dama AWS kuma yin shi daidai yana mahimmanci ga tsaron (yayin da yin shi rashin daidai yana haifar da bugi masu mahimmanci), kuma saboda fahimtar masu amfani, raina, manufofin tsari, da sauran matakin gidankala kamar ƙure-karɓa yana da mahimmanci ga aiki da AWS cikin aminci, fahimtar IAM yana da mahimmanci, tushe na ilimin AWS — jiya mahimmanci na tsaron wanda dole ne kowa amfani da AWS ya fahimi, gida ne ga aiki da AWS da aminci da guji-guji daidai na ikon da suka kawo hakamar-taske na gaske na tsaron.