Generics suna ba ka damar rubuta classes da methods waɗanda aka tsara ta hanyar nau'i, suna ba da karewa da sake-amfani ba tare da kwafewa kodiya ko juyawa. Constraints suna damra nau'oi da generic parameter zai iya zama, na ba da damar amfani mai karewa ta manya'inta. Generics sun kusan gaba daba a C# (ginshikin collections duka suna amfani dasu).
=> arr[i];
=> arr[i];
x = Get([] { , , }, );
Generics suna motsa kuskuren nau'i daga lokacin guida (juyawa object) zuwa lokacin haɗawa, kuma suna kawar da juyawa — kodiya mai karewa, mai karewa.
public class Box<T> // a generic class
{
private T _value;
public void Set(T value) => _value = value;
public T Get() => _value;
}
var box = new Box<string>(); // T = string, type-safe
// generic method
public T Max<T>(T a, T b) where T : IComparable<T> // constraint (see below)
=> a.CompareTo(b) > 0 ? a : b;
where T : class // T must be a reference type
where T : struct // T must be a value type
where T : new() // T must have a parameterless constructor
where T : IComparable<T> // T must implement an interface (so you can call its members)
where T : BaseClass // T must derive from BaseClass
// example: constraint lets you call CompareTo safely
public T Max<T>(T a, T b) where T : IComparable<T>
=> a.CompareTo(b) > 0 ? a : b; // CompareTo is available because of the constraint
Constraints (where T : ...) suna damra abin da T zai iya zama, wanda ke ba ka damar amfani mai karewa ta manya'inta (misali, damra zuwa IComparable<T> suna ba ka damar kiran CompareTo). Ba tare da constraint ba, T zai iya zama wani abu, don haka ba za ka iya tsammanin wani manya'i.
List<T>, Dictionary<K,V>, IEnumerable<T>, Task<T>, Nullable<T> ...
→ the entire collections library and much of .NET is generic.
Generics sune kayan tushe na C# — ana amfani da su sosai (ginshikin collections duka, Task<T>, IEnumerable<T>, da APIs da yawa sune generic), don haka fahimtar su shine dole-dolewacce ga duk halin C# development.
Generics sune warwarewa na ainihi: rubuta kodiya mai sake-amfani da ta aiki ga nau'oi da yawa suna kare karewa nau'i — jiya (amfani da object da juyawa) suna yawo karewa lokacin haɗawa da bukatar juyawa cikin hadari, sai dai kwafewa kodiya ga kowane nau'i ba za a iya kula da ita ba.
Generics suka ba ka kodiya mai sake-amfani, mai karewa nau'i ba tare da juyawa ba da karewa lokacin haɗawa. Constraints (where T : ...) sune abu muhimmi: suna damra abin da nau'i parameter zai iya zama, wanda ba shi da damar amfani mai karewa ta manya'inta (damra zuwa interface zaka iya kiran sa methods) da kuma tabbatar da amfani daidai.
Fahimtar generic classes da methods, yadda type inference take aiki, da constraints (class, struct, new(), interface/base-class constraints) shine dole-dolewacce don amfani da .NET libraries mai generics sosai da rubuta nau'in kodiya, mai karewa abstractions.
Ba tun da generics sune tushe na collections na C# da wasu bangare na framework, da tun da sune makullin kodiya mai sake-amfani, mai karewa, mastering generics da constraints shine kayan-aiki na tushe, wanda ake amfani dashi sau-sau don aiki daidai na C# development da gida-gida a sunan fahimtar nau'i-aminci, kodiya mai sake-amfani desai.