An interface yana bayyana kwatanci — jerin membobi (methods, properties) da zuwa classes masu aiwatarwa dole ne su ba, ba tare da aiwatarwa ba (a gida). Aji yana iya aiwatar da yawa interfaces, yana sa su saka ga shiftin fasali, tasiri na hanyar kaida, da jajjance a C#.
{
;
Name { ; }
}
:
{
Radius { ; ; }
=> Math.PI * Radius * Radius;
Name => ;
}
Interface (an sani da sunan IXxx ta hanyar al'ada) yana sanar da membobi ba tare da aiwatarwa ba; aji wanda yake aiwatar da shi dole ne ya ba su. (Tun C# 8, interfaces na iya samun default aiwatarwa, amma wasa kwatanci shine babbar.)
public class Widget : IDrawable, ISerializable, IComparable<Widget>
{
// must implement ALL members of ALL interfaces
}
Aji yana iya aiwatar da yawa interfaces (ba kamar abiye gida gida ba) — hanyar C# don raba iya tsakanin nau'ikan da ba su da alakar juna.
// program to the INTERFACE — works with ANY implementation
List<IShape> shapes = new() { new Circle(), new Square() };
foreach (IShape s in shapes)
Console.WriteLine(s.Area()); // calls each type's implementation
void Process(IRepository repo) { } // depend on an interface, not a concrete class
IEnumerable<T>, IDisposable, IComparable<T>, IEquatable<T> // framework interfaces
// interfaces enable mocking in tests (depend on an interface, inject a mock)
public class Service(IEmailSender sender) { } // inject any IEmailSender (real or mock)
Interfaces suna tsakiya ga kyakkyawan iyakar C# kuma suna mahimmanci ga yadda framework .NET da aikace-aikacen C# na zamani suke tsarawa, saboda haka fahimtar su na dace.
Interfaces suna bayyana kwatanci (abin da nau'i yana iya yi) ba tare da aiwatarwa ba, kuma aji yana iya aiwatar da yawa interfaces — yana sa su abin kayan C# na farko don shiftin fasali, warware da gida, da amsa ta ita ga wurarun abiye gida ba gida ba (raba iya tsakanin nau'ikan da ba su da alakar juna).
Sararin amfani mafi mahimmanci ita ce bayyana warware da jajjance: ta dogara wa interfaces maimakon concrete classes ("bugi wa interface"), lambar ta zama shiftin (kula aiwatarwa), kuma sosai testable (shigar da maruwaye aiwatarwa a bakaiba — babbar dalilin da aka ba da lura wa interfaces, tun da suke sa injection dogaro kuma jajjance na shuni sannu da sauki).
Interfaces suma suna bayyana polymorphism (jiya nau'ikan nau'i ta hanyar interface nau'i).
Fahimtar interfaces — bayyana kwatanci, aiwatar da da yawa, bugi wa interfaces don warware da jajjance, da interface .NET na al'ada (IEnumerable, IDisposable, da sauransu) — ilimi mahimmanci ne don tsara aikace-aikace C# masu karambara, jajjance, kuma don aiki da framework (wanda aka gina kewaye da interfaces).
Tun da interfaces suna sa dogaro injection, jajjance, kuma shiftin gida — duka hallmarks na professional C# — kuma suna bayyana a cikin .NET, kulla su shine abubuwa na mahimmanci, akai-akai gumaka ilimi wanda ke bambanta kyakkyawan iyakar C#, jajjance daga lambar da aka ɗani da qurau, kuma batu na jirin gida da aka yi wajen bayyana fahimta ta kyakkyawan fasaha.