Kayydaddy Git ke aiki a ciki?

Question

Accepted Answer

A ciki, Git shine **jerin-abin-adadi mai ajiye abin-daɗi** — yana adana komai a matsayin **abubuwa** (blobs, bishiyoyi, commits, lipsai) waɗanda aka keɓa ta hanyar **SHA-1 hash**. Fahimtar wannan tsarin yana maye sha'awar Git kuma yana bayyana dalilin da alal-alal-alinsa ke aiki.

## Git shine jerin-abin-adadi mai ajiye abin-daɗi

```text
Git stores 4 types of OBJECTS, each identified by the SHA-1 HASH of its content:
  BLOB   → file CONTENTS (just the data, no filename)
  TREE   → a directory: maps names → blobs (files) and trees (subdirs) + permissions
  COMMIT → a snapshot: points to a TREE (the root) + parent commit(s) + author/message
  TAG    → an annotated tag object (points to a commit, with metadata)
→ Content-addressable: an object's ID IS the hash of its content (same content = same hash).
```

## Commit shine siffar hoto, ba canji ba

```text
→ Each COMMIT points to a complete TREE (the full state of the project at that point)
→ Git stores SNAPSHOTS, not diffs (though it compresses/deduplicates internally):
  unchanged files → the commit's tree just REUSES the same blob (same hash) → efficient
→ Diffs you see are COMPUTED between snapshots, not stored.
```

## Kayyale ya daidai

```text
Branch (e.g. main) → a pointer (a ref) to a COMMIT
HEAD → points to the current branch (or commit)
Commit → tree → blobs (the snapshot)
Commit → parent → parent → ... (the history chain)
→ Branches/tags are just small files containing a commit hash (cheap pointers).
  That's WHY branching is so lightweight.
```

## Me ya bayyana tumattar Git

```text
✓ Branches are cheap → they're just a 40-char hash in a file (not file copies)
✓ Integrity → content-addressing means corruption/changes are detectable (hash mismatch)
✓ Commits are immutable → changing anything = a new hash = a new commit (why rebase
  creates NEW commits, why history rewriting changes hashes)
✓ Deduplication → identical content stored once (shared blobs)
```

## Me ya shafi

Fahimtar kayyale Git ke aiki a ciki ita ilimin diganta-diganta ne domin yana **maye sha'awar Git** kuma yana bayyana *me* yasa alal-alal-alina ke aiki haka, kamar haka yana daɓata nauyin ku na tunani game da Git kuma yin amfani da shi tare da tabbaci.

Tsarin mahimmanci — Git a matsayin **jerin-abin-adadi mai ajiye abin-daɗi** tare da nau'ikan abubuwa huɗu (blobs don abubuwan fayil, bishiyoyi don sakonnin fayil, commits don siffar-hoto, lipsai) kowa aka keɓa ta hanyar **hash na abin-daɗi** — shine tsarin da komai sauran abubuwa ke tiramar shi.

Fahimtar cewa **commit shine siffar-hoto, ba canji ba** (kowane commit yana nuni wa bishiya cikakke wacce ke wakiltar tsarin jiya gaba, kamar buɓun fayil ba su canja ba amma suna amfani da blobs gida, kamar haka a ƙididdige su ba a adana su ba) yana gyara kudi mai daidai kuma yana bayyana tsarin siffar-hoto na Git.

Ganin **kayyale ya daidai** (sananan lakunan da lipsai azaman mai sauki pointers/refs zuwa commits, HEAD yana nuni wa alamar yanzu, commits rufe ta wazifu) yana bayyana nagarta da saukin jiya.

Garaga ɗuka, ilimtar wannan **yana bayyana hali da ake gani game da Git**: me yasa **sananan lakunan ke ƙananan** (kawai hash a ƙaramin fayil, ba ginawa fayil ba — yana bayyana me yasa juya ke da sauri), me yasa Git ke da **inganta** (abin-daɗi-ajiye yana gano lalacewa ta hanyar canji na hash), me yasa **commits suna wazi-wazi** kuma da-sake-fitar-yayi abubuwan canji kamar rebase gida ke **sabuntawa commits tare da sabuntawa hashes** (canji ga abin da dole canji hash), kuma me yasa Git **yana kai shaƙowar** (abin daɗi gida aka adana sau daya).

Wannang tiyata muni ta saita Git daga jerin na ajiffa-latabaci zuwa jerin da za a gane, yana ba damar tunani a tabbaci game da sasannin abubuwa.

Domin fahimtar tsarin abubuwan ciki ya bayyana me yasa Git ke aiki haka (sananan lakunan masu ƙaƙun gaske, wazi-wazi commits, canji na hash a sake-saita, inganta) kuma yana daga aiki Git zuwa fahimtar gida, fahimtar Git dalilin aiki ita iliman diganta-diganta ne — kasuwa wacce ke nuna jinsi da aka tara ga diganta abubuwa kuma ke ba damar tunani ta faɓi game da Git, maye sha'awar hali-halinta, kuma sa sabuntawa abubuwan hazonci a mahimmanci a wannan wuri ba a ajiye ba a gida.