Paano ka ke burmin ajiyar bakin gida da yin yayin masifa?

Question

Accepted Answer

Stradigin ajiyar bakin gida da dawo daga masifa (DR) tana amsa: idan mun rasa bakin gida ko gundumar gida duka, **nawa ne bakin gida da muke iya rasa, wagaya me zai yiwu mu dawo, kuma za mu iya mayar da mulki gaske?** Yana dogara ne akan **hanya ta 3-2-1**, adalin bayar da bayanai **RPO/RTO** tsane, kuma — musamman — **sake amanji da aka gwada jiya-jiya**.

## Hanya ta 3-2-1

```text
3 copies of the data
2 different media / storage types
1 copy offsite (different region or provider)
→ no single failure (disk, host, datacenter, ransomware) destroys every copy
```

Bakin gida ya kamata ya zama **atomatik** (babu wanda ya taba sa tunani cewa a bugi shi) kuma **waje** ne don kada masifar yanki sai ya kai bakin gida tare da ainihi.

## RPO da RTO

Wannan iyaye biyu suna janyo kowane zabin zane:

- **RPO (Recovery Point Objective)** — nawa ne asarar bakin gida da za a iya jure, ana auna shi ta lokaci. RPO na awa guda yana nufin asarar kwafin lokaci gida shine a mafi yawanci, wanda ya dace da fifikon ajiyar bakin gida/maimaita.
- **RTO (Recovery Time Objective)** — nawa ne lokaci da dawo ita iya daukar. RTO na dakarun 30 yana nufin tsarin ya kamata a sauya shi kuma ya aiki a cikin dakarun 30, wanda ya dace da gida na DR.

```text
frequent backups / replication → smaller RPO (less data lost)
hotter standby infrastructure  → smaller RTO (faster recovery)
both cost money → pick targets per business criticality
```

## Matakin DR (fare da RTO)

```text
Backup & restore  → cheapest; restore from backups on demand   (RTO: hours)
Pilot light       → minimal core running, scale up on disaster  (RTO: tens of min)
Warm standby      → scaled-down live copy, scale up to take over (RTO: minutes)
Multi-site active → full live copies serving traffic            (RTO: ~seconds)
```

## Ka gwada amanji-ninka

**Bakin gida da ba ka taba mayar da shi ba ba shi bakin gida shi ne — ita ce goggani.** Ka yi tsari na amanji-amanji na yau da kullun: a hakika sake-gida daga bakin gida cikin aiki mai tsafta kuma a tabbatar da zama daidai. Wannan yana kama da bakin gida na lalacce, sassa da suka baci, kuma runbooks da suka karfafa *jiya* ainihin masifa.

## Me yasa yake mahimma

Asarar bakin gida da tsangwama na yanki sune sa a baje damunin gida. 3-2-1 ya dace da kwaf jiya jiya kowane takaitaccen kura; RPO/RTO suna juyar da duhu "muna da bakin gida" cikin nisa auni; DR matakin suna yara kai fare zuwa mahimma; kuma amanji da aka gwada sune shine kadai bayanin cewa abin gida gaske yana aiki. Watsi da gwada ita ce yadda tawaye suka gano, tsarin-masifa, cewa bakin gida su ba shi da amfani.