Ta yaya za ka saita Cloudflare don kare shafin yanar gizo daga DDoS?

Question

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

**Cloudflare yana fi kare website idan requests suna bi ta cikinsa kuma application zai iya ɗaukar traffic da ya rage.** Kunna setting ɗaya ba ya kare kowace hanya zuwa server.

Ka yi tunanin shagon kan layi. Attackers za su iya cika product images da requests, kiran search endpoint mai tsada akai-akai ko tuntuɓar server kai tsaye. Waɗannan suna cin resources daban, don haka ana buƙatar kariya mai matakai.

## 1. Sanya Cloudflare a hanyar request

Kunna proxied status ga DNS records da ake tallafawa na website. Visitors za su fara isa Cloudflare kafin origin, wato server da yake gudanar da website ɗin. DNS-only record yana warware suna ne; ba ya tura HTTP traffic ta wannan hanyar kariya.

```text
Browser -> Cloudflare -> Origin -> Database
```

Wannan shi ne tushe: filtering na Cloudflare yana amfani ne ga requests da suka iso gare shi. Duba kowane public hostname na shagon, ciki har da API, ba babban domain kawai ba.

## 2. Rufe hanyar kai tsaye zuwa origin

Idan attackers za su iya isa origin kai tsaye, za su iya kauce wa filtering. Takaita public web ingress zuwa IP ranges na Cloudflare da suka dace kuma a sabunta su. Ko a tantance Cloudflare Tunnel, wanda yake haɗawa zuwa waje kuma zai iya kawar da buƙatar public inbound web ports.

Riƙe administrative access a wata hanyar da aka kare kuma kada database ya kasance a public internet. Gwada access ta Cloudflare da ƙin direct access. Ɓoye IP kawai bai isa ba. Duba [origin protection](https://developers.cloudflare.com/fundamentals/security/protect-your-origin-server/).

## 3. Tace attacks ba tare da hana customers na gaske ba

Bincika managed DDoS protection da controls da suke cikin plan ɗinka. Ƙara WAF rules masu dacewa: WAF yana duba HTTP requests don suspicious patterns kafin ya tura su. DDoS protection da WAF suna magance matsaloli masu alaƙa amma daban; babu wanda yake tabbatar cewa kowace request da aka karɓa tana da sauƙin sarrafawa.

Fara da rules da za ka iya bayyana, duba traffic da suke shafa, sannan gyara a takamaiman wuri idan sun hana legitimate customers. Yawan blocked requests shi kaɗai ba ma’aunin nasara ba ne. Cloudflare ya bayyana [DDoS setup da tuning](https://developers.cloudflare.com/ddos-protection/get-started/).

## 4. Kare expensive operations daban

Request na cached image yawanci ya fi sauƙi ga origin fiye da search da yake scan records da yawa. Sanya rate limits ga expensive endpoints bisa normal usage da capacity na service a bayansu.

- Ga login ko OTP, haɗa edge limits da application limits bisa account ko destination. IP ɗaya na iya wakiltar users na gaske da yawa.
- Ga search ko report generation, takaita aikin da kowace request za ta iya fara; iyakar adadin requests kawai na iya barin expensive requests da haɗari.
- Ga authenticated APIs, yi la’akari da customer ko API key tare da network signals. Distributed attackers suna iya amfani da IPs da yawa.

Babu safe threshold guda ga kowa. Lura da legitimate peaks, shigar da limits a hankali kuma auna rage nauyin backend da valid requests da aka ƙi.

## 5. Yi caching inda rabawa yake da aminci

Cache public images da static files don repeated requests su samu amsa ba tare da isa origin ba. Ga shagon, wannan yana rage resources da ake ɓata wajen bayar da product image ɗaya akai-akai.

Personal carts da account pages suna buƙatar rules daban domin user kada ya ga bayanan wani. Duba cache keys da bypass conditions kafin caching dynamic responses. Caching yana rage maimaita aiki; ba ya sa login ko checkout su kasance safe kai tsaye ƙarƙashin load.

## 6. Yi amfani da emergency challenges tare da recovery plan

Under Attack mode na iya kawo browser challenge lokacin incident. Tantance shi ga browser routes da suka shafa, sannan a cire matakin wucin gadi idan ya dace. Machine clients da payment webhooks ba lallai su iya kammala browser challenges ba, don haka routes ɗinsu suna buƙatar authentication da targeted controls masu dacewa.

A ƙarshe, tabbatar customers na gaske suna iya duba kaya da kammala checkout yayin lura da origin latency, CPU, database pressure da errors. Idan direct network attack ya cika connection na origin, yi aiki da hosting provider don upstream protection. Manufar ita ce ci gaba da service mai amfani, ba alkawarin cewa babu attack da zai iya kawo cikas ba.

1. Sanya Cloudflare a hanyar request

2. Rufe hanyar kai tsaye zuwa origin

3. Tace attacks ba tare da hana customers na gaske ba

4. Kare expensive operations daban

5. Yi caching inda rabawa yake da aminci

6. Yi amfani da emergency challenges tare da recovery plan

Tambayoyi masu alaƙa