Pola arsitektur apa sing digunakake ing Android (MVVM, MVI, Clean Architecture)?

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Accepted Answer

Aplikasi Android entuk manfaat saka **pola arsitektur** sing misahake kepentingan lan nambah pemeliharaan lan testabilitas — utamane **MVVM** (Model-View-ViewModel, rekomendasi Google), **MVI** (Model-View-Intent), lan **Clean Architecture**. Ngerti pola kasebut penting kanggo membangun aplikasi sing strukture kanthi apik.

## MVVM — Model-View-ViewModel (direkomendasikake)

```text
MVVM separates the UI from logic and data:
  VIEW (Activity/Fragment/Compose) → displays UI, observes the ViewModel, forwards events
  VIEWMODEL → holds UI state + logic; exposes observable state (LiveData/StateFlow);
    survives config changes; NO Android framework/UI dependencies (testable)
  MODEL → data (repositories, data sources)
→ The View observes the ViewModel's state and updates reactively. Google's recommended
  pattern (using Architecture Components).
```

## MVI — Model-View-Intent (unidirectional)

```text
MVI adds a strict UNIDIRECTIONAL data flow with a single immutable STATE:
  Intent (user action) → reducer → new immutable STATE → View renders the state
  → one source of truth (the state); predictable, easy to debug/test; popular with Compose
  → more structure/boilerplate; good for complex state
```

## Clean Architecture (lapisan)

```text
Layered architecture with dependencies pointing INWARD:
  PRESENTATION (UI + ViewModels) → DOMAIN (use cases, business logic, entities — pure,
    framework-independent) → DATA (repositories, data sources)
  → business logic is independent of frameworks/UI/data details → highly testable,
    maintainable, scalable (more layers/boilerplate; for larger apps)
```

## Kenapa iki penting

Ngerti pola arsitektur Android minangka pengetahuan tingkat senior penting amarga **arsitektur sing apik minangka esensi kanggo membangun aplikasi sing bisa dipelihara, testable, lan scalable**, mula penting kanggo pangembang Android sing serius.

Sasandingan aplikasi berkembang, arsitektur sing ora apik (logika campur ing Activities/Fragments) ndadekake angel dipelihara, diuji, lan dikembangake — ndadekake pola arsitektur iki penting. **MVVM** (Model-View-ViewModel) minangka **pola sing direkomendasikake Google**: misahake View (UI sing ngamati lan nampilake), ViewModel (nyimpen status UI lan logika, tahan owah-owahan konfigurasi, bebas framework lan testable), lan Model (data) — nyediyakake pemisahan kepentingan, pembaruan UI reaktif, lan testabilitas, lan dadi struktur standar kanggo aplikasi Android modern (dibangun ing Architecture Components).

Ngerti MVVM penting amarga pola sing direkomendasikake lan banyak digunakake.

Ngerti **MVI** (Model-View-Intent, nambah alur data unidirectional ketat karo status immutable tunggal — nyediyakake predictability, siji sumber kasunyatan, lan debugging/testing mudah, populer karo Compose) nggambarake pendekatan sing luwih terstruktur kanggo status kompleks.

Ngerti **Clean Architecture** (berlapis karo dependensi nuding ke ngisin, nyimpen logika bisnis ing lapisan domain bebas framework — maksimalake testabilitas, pemeliharaan, lan scalability kanggo aplikasi luwih gedhe) nggambarake arsitektur kanggo aplikasi kompleks lan besar.

Ngerti pola-pola kasebut — struktur kasebut, trade-off, lan saka mana saben cocok (MVVM minangka default sing direkomendasikake, MVI kanggo status kompleks predictable, Clean Architecture kanggo aplikasi besar) — nggambarake kaputusan arsitektur sing dibutuhake kanggo membangun aplikasi struktur kanthi apik lan milih struktur sing cocok kanggo kompleksitas aplikasi.

Amarga arsitektur sing apik minangka esensi kanggo aplikasi Android sing bisa dipelihara, testable, lan scalable lan pola-pola kasebut (utamane MVVM sing direkomendasikake) nyediyakake struktur sing proven, lan amarga ngerti pola-pola kasebut lan milih kanthi pas penting kanggo pangembangan Android berkualitas, ngerti pola arsitektur Android minangka pengetahuan tingkat senior penting — kompetensi kunci kanggo membangun aplikasi struktur kanthi apik lan bisa dipelihara, nggambarake pemikiran arsitektur sing diharapake kanggo peran senior lan pusat kanggo pangembangan Android profesional nang lumayu saka aplikasi sederhana.