Pundi cara apa kanggo ngetèsi aplikasi Android?

Question

Accepted Answer

Android ndhukung pirang-pirang jenis panjajagan — **unit tests** (logic, mlaku ing JVM), **instrumented tests** (mlaku ing device/emulator, kalebu UI tests karo Espresso), lan liyane. Strategi panjajagan sing apik nambah kaandalan lan kapercayan.

## Jenis panjajagan

```text
UNIT TESTS (local, on the JVM) → test logic (ViewModels, repositories, utilities):
  → fast (no device); use JUnit, Mockito/MockK (mocking), no Android framework needed
  → for business logic, data processing, ViewModels
INSTRUMENTED TESTS (on a device/emulator) → test code needing the Android framework:
  → UI tests (ESPRESSO — interact with and verify the UI), integration tests
  → slower (real device/emulator) but test real Android behavior
```

## Conto unit test

```kotlin
@Test
fun `calculates total correctly`() {
  val cart = Cart()
  cart.add(Item(price = 10))
  assertEquals(10, cart.total)        // test pure logic, fast, no device
}
```

## Conto UI test (Espresso)

```kotlin
// Espresso interacts with the UI and verifies behavior
@Test fun clickButton_updatesText() {
  onView(withId(R.id.myButton)).perform(click())     // tap
  onView(withId(R.id.result)).check(matches(withText("Clicked")))  // verify
}
```

## Strategi panjajagan

```text
→ Test PYRAMID: many fast UNIT tests (logic), fewer instrumented/UI tests (slower)
→ Architecture matters — testable code (ViewModels, repositories with DI) is easier to
  unit-test (separate logic from the framework)
→ Mock dependencies (network, database) for isolated unit tests
→ Test important logic and critical user flows
```

## Dadi penting

Ngertèni cara ngetèsi aplikasi Android dadi berharga amarga **panjajagan nambah kaandalan lan kapercayan**, ngidini pangowahan tanpa risak barang, dadi katrangan profesyonal sing migunani.

Android ndhukung strategi panjajagan ing macem-macem tingkat, lan ngertèni saben-saben dadi kunci. **Unit tests** (mlaku ing JVM, ngetèsi logic kaya ViewModels, repositories, lan utilities tanpa perlu device, cepet, nggunakake JUnit lan mocking libraries) ngèkake kabenaran logic aplikasi kanthi èfisèn — pondasi saka test suite. **Instrumented tests** (mlaku ing device utawa emulator, ngetèsi code sing butuh Android framework, kalebu **UI tests karo Espresso** sing intèraksi lan ngèkake UI) ketemu masalah sing butuh perilaku Android nyata, sanadyan luwih alon.

Ngertèni rong tipe lan kapan nggunakake saben-saben dadi perlu kanggo pendekatan panjajagan sing lengkap.

Ngertèni **strategi panjajagan** — test pyramid (akèh unit tests sing cepet kanggo logic, luwih sithik instrumented/UI tests sing luwih alon), yen **testable architecture penting** (mpisahin logic menyang ViewModels lan repositories karo dependency injection nggawé code luwih gampang kanggo unit-test, ngandhut panjajagan menyang arsitektur sing apik), mocking dependencies kanggo isolated tests, lan fokus ing logic penting lan alur kritis — njantuké pendekatan sing èfektif lan seimbang.

Panjajagan nambah kaandalan (ketemu bugs), ngidini refactoring sing percaya diri (ngerti yen tests ketemu regressions), lan dadi tanda pembangunan profesyonal.

Amarga panjajagan penting kanggo nbangun aplikasi sing andal lan bisa dirawat lan Android nyediakake alat ing macem-macem tingkat unit lan instrumented/UI, lan amarga ngertèni jenis panjajagan, strategi, lan carane arsitektur testable ndhukung panjajagan dadi migunani kanggo pembangunan Android profesyonal, ngertèni cara ngetèsi aplikasi Android dadi katrangan migunani lan praktis — penting kanggo nbangun aplikasi sing andal karo kapercayan, nèkak praktik profesyonal, lan ngandhut prinsip arsitektur (separation of concerns, DI) sing nggawé code bisa didadèkake test, skill migunani kanggo pembangunan Android sing berkualitas.