Apa iku buffer sirkular (ring buffer) lan kapan sampeyan bakal nggunakaké?

Buffer sirkular iku array ukuran tetep sing diperlakoni kaya-kaya ujung-ujunge digabung dadi ring. Loro indeks — head (maca) lan tail (nulis) — maju lan ngubengi nganggo aritmetika modulo, menehi antrian FIFO O(1) tanpa alokasi sawise dibuat.

Cara kerja ngubengi

capacity 5, after writing A,B,C,D and reading A,B:
index:  0   1   2   3   4
      [ . ][ . ][ C ][ D ][ . ]
              head^       tail^   (tail wraps to 0 next write)

Code

class RingBuffer:
    def __init__(self, n):
        self.buf = [None]*n
        self.head = self.tail = self.size = 0
        self.cap = n
    def enqueue(self, x):                  # O(1)
        if self.size == self.cap: raise Exception("full")
        self.buf[self.tail] = x
        self.tail = (self.tail + 1) % self.cap   # wrap
        self.size += 1
    def dequeue(self):                     # O(1)
        x = self.buf[self.head]
        self.head = (self.head + 1) % self.cap    # wrap
        self.size -= 1
        return x

Kapan nggunakake

• Buffer streaming / audio / video — mbatas, throughput tetep.
• Pipeline produser–konsumen karo backpressure.
• Logging N acara paling anyar (lebokake kang paling lawas).

Mengapa iku penting

Buffer ring nyediakake prilaku FIFO sing bisa diprediksi lan tanpa alokasi, sing penting ing sistem real-time lan embedded nang pas alokasi dinamis pancet utawa berbahaya.

Ukuran mbatase uga bisa dadi backpressure alami, nyegah produser cepet saka ngasikaté memori.