Magic methods minangka metode khusus (diprefiks karo __) sing PHP aktifake kanthi otomatis minangka respons marang tindakan tartamtu ing sawijining obyek — kaya ngakses properti sing ora ana, nglilani metode sing ora ana, utawa ngonversi obyek dadi string. Dheweke ngbolehake sampeyan nglayani lan ngrubangi panlaku obyek.
{
{ }
{ }
}
class Container {
private array $data = [];
public function __get($name) { // called on reading an INACCESSIBLE/undefined property
return $this->data[$name] ?? null;
}
public function __set($name, $value) { // called on writing one
$this->data[$name] = $value;
}
public function __isset($name): bool { return isset($this->data[$name]); }
}
$c = new Container();
$c->foo = "bar"; // triggers __set('foo', 'bar')
echo $c->foo; // triggers __get('foo') → "bar"
__get/__set nglawan akses menyang properti sing ora ana utawa ora bisa diakses — nggandheng properti dinamis (digunakake dening ORMs, obyek konfigurasi).
class Api {
public function __call($method, $args) { // called for UNDEFINED method calls
return $this->request($method, $args); // e.g. dynamic API methods
}
public static function __callStatic($method, $args) { /* static version */ }
}
$api->getUsers(); // no getUsers() method → __call('getUsers', [])
__call/__callStatic nglawan panggilan menyang metode sing ora ana — digunakake kanggo fluent/APIs dinamis (contone Laravel's query builder, facades).
class Money {
public function __construct(private float $amount) {}
public function __toString(): string { // when the object is used as a string
return '$' . number_format($this->amount, 2);
}
}
echo new Money(9.5); // "$9.50" — __toString called automatically
class Multiplier {
public function __invoke($x) { return $x * 2; } // makes the object CALLABLE
}
$double = new Multiplier();
$double(5); // 10 — __invoke called
Magic methods minangka fitur PHP sing penting kanggo ngrubangi panlaku obyek, lan mangerteni bab iki nduweni nilai kanggo nggunakake dheweke kanthi patut lan — utamane — kanggo mangerteni carane PHP frameworks nglakoni "magic" dheweke. Metode kaya __get/__set (akses properti dinamis), __call/__callStatic (panganan metode dinamis), __toString (konversi string), lan __invoke (callable objects) ngbolehake obyek nanggepi tindakan kanthi cerdas sing ora eksplisit didefinisikake.
Iki minangka mekanisme sabalik kemudahan framework: Laravel's Eloquent ORM nggunakake __get/__set kanggo atribut model, query builder lan facades-ne nggunakake __call/__callStatic kanggo fluent metode dinamis, lan obyek config/collection nggunakake iki ing saindhenging pangguna.
Mengenali magic methods mbukak carane frameworks iki makaryo lan ngbolehake sampeyan mbangun APIs sing mlaku padha fleksibel.
Knowing metode magic kunci, apa sing nglirwakake masing-masing, lan panggunaan framework umum dheweke minangka kawruh praktis kanggo nulis PHP ekspresif lan nggunakake efektif/nggedhekake frameworks sing dibangun ing dheweke. (Peringatan: magic methods bisa ngrusak kejelasan lan support IDE — overusing dheweke nggawe kode luwih angel dimangerteni, mula dheweke sing paling apik digunakake kanthi sengaja kanggo panlaku dinamis asli, dudu minangka default.)