Fitur utama apa yang ditambahkan PHP 8.x?

Question

Accepted Answer

**PHP 8.x** (8.0–8.3) ngebawa perbaikan gedhe sing ngedadaake basa — performance (JIT), sintaks anyar, lan typenipun luwih kuwat. Ngerti fitur-fitur iki penting kanggo nulis PHP modern lan idiomatik, lan kanggo ngenal-nali kontruksi-kontruksian iki ing kodhe-kode saiki.

## Fitur utama PHP 8.0

```php
// 1. Named arguments — pass by parameter name, skip optional ones
setCookie(name: "theme", value: "dark", httponly: true);

// 2. Constructor property promotion — declare + assign properties in the signature
class Point {
    public function __construct(public int $x, public int $y) {}   // no boilerplate
}

// 3. Union types
function process(int|string $id): void {}

// 4. The match expression — value-returning, strict, no fall-through
$result = match($status) {
    200, 201 => "success",
    404 => "not found",
    default => "unknown",
};

// 5. Nullsafe operator — short-circuit on null in a chain
$city = $user?->address?->city;   // null if any link is null (no error)

// 6. The JIT compiler (performance for CPU-bound code)
```

## Fitur PHP 8.1

```php
// Enums — first-class enumerated types (finally!)
enum Status: string {
    case Active = 'active';
    case Inactive = 'inactive';
}

// Readonly properties — immutable after initialization
class User { public function __construct(public readonly string $id) {} }

// First-class callable syntax
$fn = strlen(...);    // create a closure from a function

// Pure intersection types: function f(A&B $x)
// Fibers (low-level async primitive)
```

## Fitur PHP 8.2 lan 8.3

```php
// 8.2: readonly classes, disjunctive normal form (DNF) types, null/false/true as types
readonly class DTO { public function __construct(public string $name) {} }

// 8.3: typed class constants, #[\Override] attribute, json_validate(), dynamic class constant fetch
class Config { const string VERSION = "1.0"; }   // typed constant
```

## Mengapa fitur-fitur iki penting (tema-temane)

```text
✓ Less boilerplate — constructor promotion, named args, match, nullsafe
✓ Stronger typing — union/intersection types, enums, readonly, typed constants
✓ Better performance — JIT, plus general engine speedups each release
✓ More expressive, safer, modern syntax overall
```

## Mengapa iku penting

Ngerti fitur-fitur utama PHP 8.x iku penting kanggo nulis PHP modern lan idiomatik, lan kanggo ngenal-nali kontruksi-kontruksian iki ing kodhe-kode saiki — rilis 8.x ngewakili modernisasi significant saka basa sing gede-gedeyan nambah ekspresivitase, type safety, lan performanse, nulungi ilang reputasi PHP sing tuwek.

Pirang-pirang fitur saiki wis dadi alat saben dina ing PHP modern: **constructor property promotion** (ngilangake boilerplate repetitif), **named arguments** (pamaggihan sing bisa dibaca lan flexible), ekspresi **`match`** (alternatif switch sing luwih aman lan bali nilai), operator **nullsafe** (`?->`, pananganan null sing resik ing chain), lan luwih penting meneh **enums** (PHP 8.1 — jenis enumerasi first-class, luwih-luwihan dienggo kanggo constant set sing type-safe) lan **readonly properties/classes** (kanggo immutability).

Kontruksi-kontruksian iki ngurangi boilerplate, penguatan typing, lan gawe kodhe luwih ekspresif lan aman.

Ngerti fitur-fitur iki iku penting kanggo maca lan nulis PHP saiki (amarga framework lan kodhe modern ngenggo-enggo iki akeh-akeh), kanggo milih pendekatan idiomatik modern tinimbang pola-pola luwek, lan kanggo ngerti ana apa PHP modern kuwi basa sing mampu lan dirancang apik tinimbang sing inconsistent ing reputasi awal-awale.

Ketok-tekenan karo evolusi basa — ngerti apa sing ditambah saben rilis 8.x lan ngenggo fitur-fitur iki kanthi trep — iku pengetahuan penting sing mbedaake developer sing nulis PHP modern lan professional saka sing meksa kelingan pola-pola tuwek, lan nuduhake fluency karo kondisi basa nang saiki.