PHP modern ndhukung type declarations ing function parameters, return values, lan class properties — lan declare(strict_types=1) kanggo ngramé karo ketat. Bebarengan dheweke ndadekke akeh safety saka statically-typed languages menyang PHP, nangkep bugs ndhisik.
{
= ;
? = ;
{
->balance += ;
}
{
->balance;
}
}
Sampeyan bisa ngetik parameters, return values, lan class properties. Types kalebu scalars (int, float, string, bool), classes/interfaces, array, ?Type (nullable), lan void.
function process(int|string $id): User|null { } // union type — int OR string
function handle(Countable&Iterator $x): void { } // intersection (PHP 8.1) — BOTH
function get(): static { } // return the called class's type
function nothing(): never { } // never returns (throws/exits, PHP 8.1)
PHP 8 nambahake union types (int|string), intersection types, lan special return types (static, never).
<?php
declare(strict_types=1); // MUST be the first statement in the file
function add(int $a, int $b): int { return $a + $b; }
add(5, 3); // ✅ 8
add("5", 3); // ❌ TypeError — strict_types REJECTS the string (no coercion)
WITHOUT strict_types (default "coercive" mode):
add("5", 3) → "5" is silently coerced to int 5 → returns 8 (lenient, can hide bugs)
WITH strict_types=1:
add("5", 3) → TypeError immediately (must pass the exact declared type)
declare(strict_types=1) mbisikake teka saka lenient coercion menyang strict enforcement — PHP nolak type mismatches tinimbang nglirwakake convert. Iki nangkep bugs sing coercion bakal ndhelikake.
Type declarations lan strict types penting kanggo nulis robust, maintainable modern PHP, lan represent major evolution saka language nglintasi loosely-typed origins.
Type declarations ing parameters, returns, lan properties ndadekke code self-documenting (signatures njelaske expectations kanthi terang) lan ngidini PHP nangkep type errors automatically, nalika modern additions (union types, nullable types) ndadekke signatures akurat.
Praktik paling penting yaiku declare(strict_types=1): mbisikake PHP seka lenient coercion (ngendi "5" kanthi senyep dadi 5, bisa ndhelikake bugs) menyang strict enforcement (nolak mismatched types nganggo clear TypeError) — alat kunci kanggo nangkep bugs ndhisik lan nulis reliable code, lan recommended modern default.
Mahami type declarations lan nggunakake strict types yaiku professional, everyday knowledge kanggo modern PHP development — ndadekke akeh safety saka statically-typed languages menyang PHP, ndadekke code luwih robust lan luwih gampang dipelihara.
Sabab modern PHP frameworks lan well-written codebases nggunakake typing extensively (lan strict types throughout), master iki penting kanggo nulis lan works nganggo quality contemporary PHP, nakoni type-safe modern code seka error-prone loosely-typed style saka PHP lawas.