Ruby methods didefinisi kaliyan def...end. Ruby nduweni flexible, expressive argument handling — default values, keyword arguments, splat (*) kanggo variable arguments, lan blocks — plus konvensi yen last expression dadi implicit return value.
()
a + b
add(, )
()
Ruby methods balik last evaluated expression automatically — sampeyan jarang nulis return (dienggo mung kanggo early returns). Iki idiomatic.
# default arguments
def greet(name, greeting = "Hello")
"#{greeting}, #{name}"
end
greet("Ann") # "Hello, Ann"
greet("Ann", "Hi") # "Hi, Ann"
# KEYWORD arguments (clearer, order-independent) — common in modern Ruby
def create_user(name:, age: 0, role: :user)
# name is required (no default); age/role optional
end
create_user(name: "Ann", role: :admin) # pass by keyword — readable
Keyword arguments (name:) iku idiomatic modern Ruby — nggawakke calls self-documenting lan order-independent.
def sum(*numbers) # * collects extra positional args into an array
numbers.sum
end
sum(1, 2, 3, 4) # 10
def config(**options) # ** collects keyword args into a hash
options[:timeout]
end
config(timeout: 30, retries: 3)
*args nggumpuli variable positional arguments dadi array; **options nggumpuli keyword arguments dadi hash.
def valid?(x) # ? convention → returns a boolean (predicate method)
x > 0
end
def process!(data) # ! convention → modifies in place / is "dangerous"
data.map!(&:upcase)
end
Konvensi naming: methods ending in ? ngilangke booleans (predicates), lan ! nuduhake destructive/in-place utawa "dangerous" version.
Methods iku building blocks saka behavior ing Ruby, lan mangerti Ruby's flexible, expressive argument handling lan conventions iku important everyday knowledge.
Sakperangan aspek iku distinctly Ruby lan worth knowing: implicit return (methods balik last evaluated expression, dadi return jarang ditulis — idiomatic Ruby gumantung iki), keyword arguments (name: — cara modern idiomatic nulis clear, self-documenting, order-independent method calls), lan splat arguments (*args/**options kanggo variable numbers saka arguments).
Sama penting iku naming conventions — methods ending in ? iku predicates ngilangke booleans (valid?, empty?), lan methods ending in ! iku destructive/in-place utawa "dangerous" versions (map!, sort!) — ingkang pervasive ing Ruby lan Rails lan komunikasi method's behavior in a glance (knowing yen ! typically nglambangke "modifies in place" iku important kanggo avoiding unintended mutations).
Pamahaman carane nudefine methods kaliyan Ruby's flexible arguments (defaults, keywords, splats), implicit-return idiom, lan ?/! naming conventions iku foundational kanggo nulis lan maca idiomatic Ruby — feature-feature iki lan conventions kasebut muncul constantly, lan grasp-ne (especially keyword arguments kanggo clean APIs lan ?/! conventions kanggo understand method behavior) iku essential, frequently-applied knowledge kanggo effective Ruby development.