Apa iku Ruby on Rails lan prinsip-prinsip intinya?

Question

IT Interview Practice · Accepted Answer

**Ruby on Rails** minangka framework web Ruby sing paling dominan — framework lengkap, "batteries-included" sing nggawe web development kanthi cepet dadi populer. Dipandu dening rong prinsip sing sikedhik: **Convention over Configuration** lan **Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)**, sing nggawe development cepet lan kode konsisten.

## Convention over Configuration (CoC)

```ruby
# Rails uses CONVENTIONS so you write little configuration:
class User < ApplicationRecord    # maps to the "users" table AUTOMATICALLY (convention)
end
user.posts                         # a `has_many :posts` follows naming conventions

# follow the conventions → Rails "just works" with minimal setup
# (table names, file locations, routing, etc. follow predictable patterns)
```

**Convention over Configuration**: Rails nganggep nilai-nilai default sing cerdas dumunung ing konvensi namin/struktur (`User` model dipetaake menyang tabel `users`, etc.), dadi sampeyan nulis minimal konfigurasi. Tindakake konvensi lan bab-bab lan gawe kerja otomatis — boost produktivitas gedhe.

## DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)

```text
Rails is built to avoid repetition: define things ONCE.
  ✓ A model defines the data structure used across the app
  ✓ Shared layouts/partials (don't repeat HTML)
  ✓ Validations, associations declared once on the model
  ✓ Helpers and concerns for reusable logic
```

## Arsitektur MVC lan full stack

```text
Rails is MVC + full-stack "batteries included":
  Model (ActiveRecord ORM) — data + business logic
  View (ERB/templates) — presentation
  Controller — handles requests, coordinates
+ Routing, migrations, ActiveRecord (ORM), Action Mailer, Active Job (background jobs),
  asset pipeline, testing, security defaults — all included.
```

## ActiveRecord (ORM) lan konvensi ing aksi

```ruby
class Post < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user                 # associations (convention-based)
  validates :title, presence: true # validations declared once
end

Post.where(published: true).order(:created_at)   # elegant querying
# migrations, the admin-like console, generators (scaffolding) all boost productivity
```

## Apa gunane

Ngatoake Ruby on Rails lan prinsip-prinsip intinya penting amarga Rails minangka **framework web Ruby sing paling dominan** lan alasan utama Ruby dadi populer kanggo web development — iki sing paling akeh profesional Ruby web work kalebu, lan nduweni pengaruh gedhe kanggo web framework ing saperangan basa.

Proto ngarahake Rails minangka filosofi ndifinisine lan layak kanggo ngatoake kanthi jeru: **Convention over Configuration** (Rails nganggep nilai-nilai default sing cerdas dumunung ing namin lan konvensi struktur, dadi tindakake bab-bab dadi nulis minimal konfigurasi dene bab-bab "mung aja" — boost produktivitas gedhe sing ngidini pengembang bangun fitur kanthi cepet) lan **DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)** (ndifinisine bab siji kali — model nganggo struktur data, validasi, lan asosiasi sing digunakake ing kabeh aplikasi).

Proto, digabung karo **full-stack, batteries-included** Rails (arsitektur MVC, ORM ActiveRecord, routing, migrasi, background job, keamanan default, generator — kabeh sing dibutuhake kanggo aplikasi web), minangka alasan Rails nyedhakake development kanthi cepet lan produktif lan kode konsisten.

Ngatoake filosofi Rails (CoC lan DRY), struktur MVC, ActiveRecord (ORM sing elegan, berbasis konvensi), lan produktivitas konvensi lan kabot kabotan sing kalebu iki penting kanggo kabeh Ruby web development.

Marga Rails minangka framework sing ndifinisine kehadiran web Ruby (nggawae udhel-udhalan lan aplikasi) , nglakokake prinsip berpengaruh sing ngarang-ngarang dunia framework web sing luwih luas, lan ngendi paling akeh professional Ruby development kedadean, ngatoake iku lan prinsip-prinsip intinya penting, pangestosan-pengetahuan kanthi asaring kanggo pengembang Ruby — iki konteks praktis ing ngendi Ruby paling digunakake, lan ngatoake filosofi digerakake konvensi, DRY, batteries-included iku dhasar kanggo productive Rails development lan topik umum, penting sing ngrefleksikake ngatoake framework Rails flagship Ruby.

Convention over Configuration (CoC)

DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)

Arsitektur MVC lan full stack

ActiveRecord (ORM) lan konvensi ing aksi

Apa gunane

Pitakon sing gegandhengan