A Range makili interval saka nilai — (1..10) kanggo angka, ('a'..'z') kanggo huruf, lsp. Ranges minangka obyek sing duwe method-method gunggul, digunakake kanggo iterasi, slicing, test keanggotaan, lan case matching. Iku dadi fitur Ruby sing ringkes lan ekspresif.
(1..5) # INCLUSIVE — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (includes the end)
(1...5) # EXCLUSIVE — 1, 2, 3, 4 (excludes the end)
('a'..'e') # 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' — works on letters too
Pabeda utama: .. kalebu akhire, ... ora kalebu (titik katelu "nyorong akhir menyang ngisor"). Titik penting kanggo dieling.
(1..5).each { |n| puts n } # iterate — 1 to 5
(1..5).to_a # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] — convert to an array
(1..10).map { |n| n * 2 } # ranges support Enumerable methods
(1..100).sum # 5050
(1..10).select(&:even?) # [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
Ranges kalebu Enumerable, mula nyukupi each, map, select, lsp. — lan to_a nggawe material menyang array.
(1..100).include?(50) # true
(1..100).cover?(50) # true — faster (doesn't iterate, just checks endpoints)
age = 25
(18..65).include?(age) # check if a value falls in a range
include?/cover? test keanggotaan kanthi efisien (utamane cover?, sing mung ngecek endpoint tanpa iterasi).
# case/when with ranges — clean range-based branching
grade = case score
when 90..100 then "A"
when 80..89 then "B"
when 0..79 then "F"
end
# array/string slicing with ranges
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50][1..3] # [20, 30, 40] — slice by range
"hello world"[0..4] # "hello" — substring by range
# endless/beginless ranges (Ruby 2.6+)
arr[2..] # from index 2 to the end
(1..) # 1 to infinity (with lazy evaluation)
Ranges minangka fitur Ruby sing gunggul lan ekspresif sing digunakake ing akeh skenario umum, mula ngerti babagan iki bernilai kanggo pengetahuan saben-dina.
Ke kalebu concisely makili interval (numerik, alfabetik) lan muncul ing macem-macem konteks sering: iterasi ((1..5).each — cara bersih kanggo loop ing urutan), slicing array lan string (arr[1..3], str[0..4] — nglumpukake sub-urutan kanthi elegan), test keanggotaan (include?/cover? — ngecek apa nilai metu ing interval, karo cover? kuwi efisien mung kanthi ngecek endpoint), lan khususan case/when matching (branching adil adil pangkat kagunan, kayata grading dening score range — pola umum, dibaca).
Ngerti perbedane penting .. (inclusive) versus ... (exclusive) perlu kanggo nggunakake range kanthi bener (lan titik kebingungan umum).
Ngerti yen range kalebu Enumerable (mula nyukupi map/select/lsp.), carane nggunakake kanggo iterasi, slicing, keanggotaan, lan case matching, lan fitur modern (endless/beginless range) cukup kanggo gawe praktis.
Menawa range muncul asring ing Ruby idiomatik (iterasi, slicing, kondisional berbasis range, validasi range nilai), lan menawa iku cara ringkes lan ekspresif kanggo nangani interval, ngerti range — sintaks (inclusive versus exclusive), method, lan gawe umum (iterasi, slicing, keanggotaan, case matching) — informasi gunggul lan praktis-relevant kanggo nenulis Ruby bersih lan idiomatik sing nangani urutan lan interval kanthi elegan.