Podatkovne baze postanejo pogosto ozko grlo (bottleneck) ko sistemi rastejo. Skaliranje vključuje tehnike kot so replikacija (kopije za bralno skaliranje in dostopnost), sharding (razdelitev podatkov med strežnike), cachiranje, in izbira primerne vrste podatkovne baze.
Replikacija — kopije podatkov
REPLICATION → maintain COPIES of the database across servers:
→ PRIMARY (writes) + REPLICAS (copies):
- READ SCALING → direct reads to replicas (offload the primary) → handle more reads
- AVAILABILITY → a replica can take over if the primary fails (failover)
⚠️ replication lag → replicas may be slightly behind (eventual consistency for reads)
→ great for READ-heavy workloads and availability (most apps are read-heavy)
