Jerin standard library na Go encoding/json yana karɓar aiki na JSON serialization (marshaling) da deserialization (unmarshaling), yana saita dangantaka tsakanin Go structs da JSON. Struct tags suna sarrafa suna filayen, kuma ita ce tushe na yawancin Go web APIs.
User {
Name
Email
Age
private
}
u := User{Name: , Email: , Age: }
data, err := json.Marshal(u)
fmt.Println((data))
json.Marshal yana juyar da struct zuwa JSON bytes. Kawai filayen da aka buɗe (capitalized) ne za a ɓoye — filayen da ba a buɗi su ba a toshe su.
type Product struct {
ID int `json:"id"` // → "id"
Name string `json:"product_name"` // → "product_name" (rename)
Price float64 `json:"price,omitempty"` // omit if 0
Notes string `json:"-"` // "-" → NEVER serialize this field
}
Ba tare da tags ba, JSON keys zasu buɗe zuwa suna daidai (capitalized) na fili. Tags suna ba ka damar sarrafa suna JSON key, toshe bakin values (omitempty), da warware filayen jiya (-) — abin da ya zama mahimmanci don dangantaka API conventions (misali snake_case JSON).
jsonData := []byte(`{"name":"Bob","email":"[email protected]","age":25}`)
var user User
err := json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &user) // pass a POINTER to populate it
if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) }
fmt.Println(user.Name) // "Bob"
json.Unmarshal yana buɗe JSON zuwa struct — dole ne ka lakayi pointer don ya iya buɗe struct. Filayen zasu danganta ta tag/name (ba tare da bambantawa na haruffa ba).
// when the structure is unknown, unmarshal into a map or interface{}
var result map[string]interface{}
json.Unmarshal(data, &result)
name := result["name"].(string) // type-assert the value (JSON numbers → float64!)
// encode directly to an io.Writer (e.g. an HTTP response) — efficient, no intermediate buffer
json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(user)
// decode directly from an io.Reader (e.g. an HTTP request body)
json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user)
Gare web servers, Encoder/Decoder suna aiki kai tsaye tare da streams (request/response bodies) — alada kwatantaciyar shine a cikin handlers.
JSON encoding/decoding shine mahimmanci ga kusan duk Go web development — REST APIs, microservices, da configuration duk suna dogara kan jujuyar tsakanin Go structs da JSON.
encoding/json package (standard library, babu dogaro) shine kayan aikace-aikacen standard, kuma fahimtar shi sosai ya zama mahimmanci ilimi na kwana-kwana: yadda marshaling/unmarshaling ke aiki, tsarin mahimmanci cewa kawai filayen da aka buɗe ne za a ɓoye, da musamman struct tags (sarrafa suna JSON key tare da json:"...", omitempty don toshe bakin values, - don warware) waɗanda aka buƙata don dangantaka conventions na ainihi na API kamar snake_case.
Sanin ka lakayi pointer ga Unmarshal, sarrafa dynamic JSON ta hanyar maps/interface{} (tare da wahawwar cewa JSON numbers zasu buɗe zuwa float64), da amfani da streaming Encoder/Decoder don HTTP bodies yana samin buƙatun aikace-aikacen gida na gina APIs.
Ita ce sanya ta yau da kullum, sanya aikace-aikace na Go backend work.