Go yana da gwadawa da aka gina ciki ta hanyar saitin testing da command go test — ba shi buƙatar girki na waje. Gwadawa suna zaune a cikin faioli na _test.go, kuma Go yana da karfi sosai gida gida gwadawa da aka wa je da teburin, ƙwantare, da kayan aiki masu kyau a matsayin abubuwan farko.
// math.go
func Add(a, b int) int { return a + b }
// math_test.go — same package, _test.go suffix
import "testing"
func TestAdd(t *testing.T) { // Test prefix + *testing.T parameter
result := Add(2, 3)
if result != 5 {
t.Errorf("Add(2,3) = %d; want 5", result) // report failure (continues)
// t.Fatalf stops the test immediately
}
}
// run with: go test (or `go test -v` for verbose, `go test ./...` for all packages)
Aiki na gwadawa yana farawa da Test, yana karɓa *testing.T, kuma yana nuna gazawar ta hanyar t.Errorf/t.Fatalf. Babu kalmar takaitawa — kuna dubawa jiya yaji da walwala na tsantsan if kuma nuna gazawar (Go yana fifita wannan sauron gida).
func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct { // a table of test CASES
name string
a, b int
expected int
}{
{"positives", 2, 3, 5},
{"with zero", 0, 5, 5},
{"negatives", -1, -1, -2},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) { // a SUBTEST per case (named, isolated)
if got := Add(tt.a, tt.b); got != tt.expected {
t.Errorf("Add(%d,%d) = %d; want %d", tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.expected)
}
})
}
}
Gwadawa da aka wa je da teburin sune abun gida mai rauni na Go — ayyana waje na lokuta, sake jiya cikin su tare da t.Run subtests. Wannan yana sa ƙari mai sauki sosai kuma yana ba da faɗi, samari daidai raport bisa kila lokuta.
func BenchmarkAdd(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { // the framework chooses b.N for statistical accuracy
Add(2, 3)
}
}
// go test -bench=. → reports ns/op (and -benchmem for allocations)
go test -cover # coverage percentage
go test -coverprofile=c.out # then: go tool cover -html=c.out (visual report)
go test -race # the RACE DETECTOR — finds data races (crucial for concurrency)
go test -run TestAdd # run specific tests
Flag na -race yana da mahimmanci sosai — yana gano jujjuya bayanai a cikin lamba ta jama'a, kayan aiki mai mahimmanci akwai tunanin Go.
func TestMain(m *testing.M) { // package-level setup/teardown
setup()
code := m.Run()
teardown()
os.Exit(code)
}
// t.Helper() marks a function as a test helper (better failure line reporting)
// httptest package for testing HTTP handlers; interfaces for mocking dependencies
Gwadawa ita ce bahagi na farko, wanda aka gina ciki a Go — saitin testing da go test ba su buƙatar girki na waje, nuna tunanin Go game da gwadawa a matsayin aiki mai mahimmanci.
Sanin ka'idojin yana da mahimmanci ilmin yau da kullun: fili na _test.go da tsarin TestXxx(t *testing.T), sauron gida (takaitawa-rashin) salon nuni gazawar, da musamman sautin gwadawa da aka wa je da teburin wanda ya damje idiomatic Go (a jiya katai mutane mai rauni tare da samari daidai raport bisa kila lokuta ta hanyar subtests).
Daidai da mahimmanci sune gwadawa da aka gina ciki na Go ƙwantare (ƙarfi a matsayin abin ƙidi na gwadawa) da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi — binciken aro kuma musamman gano -race, wanda ya sami jujjuya bayanai a cikin lamba ta jama'a (mahimmanci akwai tunanin Go).
Sanin yadda ake rubutu gwadawa mai tasiri, idiomatic Go, amfani da gano jujjuya, da hafta httptest/interfaces don gwada abubuwan gida ita ce alamar karfin halin Go kuma jigon gama-gari wanda ta nuna ilimin ingantaccen code.