Ainihin stored procedures da kuma yaushe ya kamata ka yi amfani da su?

Question

Accepted Answer

A **stored procedure** shine jeri na SQL statements (da procedural logic) wanda aka ajiye a cikin database kuma ana aiwatarwa ta suna. Yana aiwatar da logic *a cikin* database maimakon a cikin application code. Suna da kyakkyawan amfani ainihi amma kuma suna da manyan jiya-jiya, saboda haka yaushe za ka yi amfani da su shine ainihin shawarwarin zane.

## A stored procedure

```sql
-- define a procedure that encapsulates logic in the database
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(from_id INT, to_id INT, amount DECIMAL)
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
BEGIN
  UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE id = from_id;
  UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE id = to_id;
  -- can include logic: conditionals, loops, error handling, transactions
END;
$$;

CALL transfer_funds(1, 2, 100);   -- execute by name
```

A stored procedure yana tattara SQL da procedural logic (variables, conditionals, loops, error handling) cikin suna, reusable database routine. Functions sun da kama amma suna bayar da value.

## Bukatun amfani

```text
✓ Performance — runs IN the database (no round-trips for multi-step logic); precompiled
✓ Reduced network traffic — one call vs many queries from the app
✓ Reusability — shared logic callable from multiple applications/clients
✓ Security — grant EXECUTE on a procedure without granting table access; reduces
  injection surface (parameterized)
✓ Consistency — centralize critical logic so all clients use the same implementation
```

## Manyan jiya-jiya (me yasa mutane masu yawa suka ƙida su a yau)

```text
✗ Business logic in the DATABASE → harder to version-control, test, and maintain
  (logic split between app code and the database)
✗ Database-specific (PL/pgSQL vs T-SQL vs PL/SQL) → less portable, vendor lock-in
✗ Harder to debug than application code; weaker tooling
✗ Scaling — the database is often the hardest tier to scale; pushing logic there
  can increase its load
✗ Modern apps often prefer logic in the application layer (testable, portable, versioned)
```

## Yaushe za ka yi amfani da su

```text
✓ Performance-critical data-intensive operations (heavy multi-step DB logic, batch jobs)
✓ Logic that MUST be enforced at the DB level across multiple clients
✓ Reducing round-trips for operations involving many queries
✗ AVOID putting general business logic in procedures by default — modern practice
  usually favors the application layer (better testing, versioning, portability)
```

## Me yasa ya matuwa

Jiyan fahimta stored procedures — gaba da manyan jiya-jiyarsu — shine ilimi mai daraja saboda suna wakilta ainihin shawarwarin zane tare da kyakkyawan amfani da kyakkyawan raunuka, kuma sanin *yaushe* za ka yi amfani da su (da yaushe ba za ka yi ba) yana nuna burinmu na sakamako.

Stored procedures suna iya ba da **kyakkyawan amfani na aiwatar** (aiwatar da multi-step logic a cikin database yana kawar da hanyoyin sadarwa), rage traffic na hanyar sadarwa, amfani mai sake-amfani cikin clients, tsaron (bada izini na aiwatarwa babu access na tebur), da dangantacciyar tutwarewa — wajen sanya su sui dace ga aiwatawa masu mahimmanci game da aiki, batch processing, da logic da dole ne a tilasta a mataki na database juna juna da aikace-aikace.
",