Menene nau'ukan sharadi da masu jami'i?

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Waɗannan sune **kayan aikin ajiyar-matakin nau'i** na TypeScript — suna kirga sabuwar nau'uka daga wasu da akwai. ## Nau'ukan ajiyar — canza kowane mallin Nau'in ajiyar yana zagayawa akan batu na nau'i kuma yana canza kowannensu: ```ts type ReadonlyAll = { readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }; type Optional = { [K in keyof T]?: T[K] }; interface User { id: number; name: string; } type RO = ReadonlyAll; // { readonly id: number; readonly name: string } ``` `[K in keyof T]` yana zagayawa akan kowane maɓalli `K`; `T[K]` shine nau'in arziki na maɓalliyar wannan. Wannan hanya ce `Partial`, `Readonly`, da `Required` aka aiwatarwa. Kuna iya sake taɓawa batunan da kuma ƙara masu canje-canjen (`-readonly`, `-?` janyayawa su). ## Nau'ukan sharadi — reshe bisa yanayin ```ts type IsString = T extends string ? "yes" : "no"; type A = IsString; // "yes" type B = IsString; // "no" ``` `T extends U ? X : Y` shine nau'i-matakin if/else. Tare da `infer` kuna iya *cire* nau'uka a cikin yanayin: ```ts type ElementOf = T extends (infer U)[] ? U : never; type E = ElementOf; // string ``` ## Haɗa su — tunani na gaske ```ts // Make only the function-valued properties optional type PartialMethods = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends Function ? T[K] | undefined : T[K]; }; ``` Nau'ukan ajiyar kuma **rarraba* kwatance da ƙungiyoyi a cikin sharadi, inda suke ba da dabarun canje-canjen mai ƙarfi. ## Me ya sa ya matukaici Nau'ukan ajiyar da sharadi suna ba da izini ga laburare don bayyana dangantaka ta nau'i na daidai — suna aiwatar da nau'ukan kayan aiki, suna ba da ƙarfi ga laburaren ninka/tabbatar, ginin bugin ORM, da abokan aikin API waɗanda suke kimanta siffar amsa. Su na sariki, amma tun da kuka fahimci su, ana bayyana muku *ta yaya* tsarin nau'i na TypeScript zai iya zama sanye-sanye, kuma suna ba da iko ga ku don gina sake-amfani da nau'i canjine maimakon ruduwa da hannu.