Menene utility types kamar Partial, Pick da Omit?

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**Utility types** sune nau'in generic da aka gina ciki wanda ke canza nau'i da ake da su, saboda haka kuna samo sabon nau'i maimakon sake bayyana su. Suna ajiye nau'i DRY kuma suna daidai da tushensu. ```ts interface User { id: number; name: string; email: string; age: number; } Partial; // all properties optional → for update payloads Required; // all properties required Readonly; // all properties readonly Pick; // { id, name } — keep only these Omit; // everything except id → for create payloads ``` ## Me yasa amsawa ya fi sake bayyana ```ts // Update endpoint: accept any subset of fields function update(id: number, changes: Partial) { ... } update(1, { name: "New" }); // ✅ only the fields you change // Create endpoint: everything except the server-generated id type CreateUser = Omit; ``` In kun saka fili ga `User`, dukansu za su kabata kai tsaye — babu bayyanawa ta biyu da za mu manta. ## Wasu masu amfani ```ts Record; // { [key: string]: number } — dictionaries ReturnType; // the return type of a function Parameters; // tuple of a function's parameter types NonNullable; // string (strips null/undefined) Extract; Exclude; // filter members of a union ``` ## Me yasa ya matuhi Utility types suna ba ku damar bayyana dangantaka tsakanin nau'i ("nau'i nata gida shine mai amfani ba id") a yalwace. Suna rage igiyar, suna ajiye nau'in amsawa daidai kusan aunine tare da tushensu, kuma suna kasua a ko'ina a cikin tushen code na gaske — musamman `Partial` don sabuntawa, `Omit`/`Pick` don DTOs, da `Record` don taswirorin.