Generics suna ba ka damar rubuta nadi mai sake-amfani da aka tsara ta hanyar nau'i — "nau'i mai canji" da aka cika lokacin da aka yi amfani da lambar. Suna ba ka sake-amfani ba tare da asarar kariya nau'i (madallin any, yana asarar ita).
(): { arr[]; }
first<T>(: T[]): T { arr[]; }
n = ([, , ]);
s = ([, ]);
T shine wuri; TypeScript yana yin tunani shi daga jajere, saboda haka nau'in komawa ya dunƙule — first([1,2]) yana ba da number, ba any ba.
interface ApiResponse<T> { data: T; status: number; }
const res: ApiResponse<User> = await getUser(); // res.data is User
class Box<T> {
constructor(private value: T) {}
get(): T { return this.value; }
}
const box = new Box(123); // Box<number>
function pair<K, V>(k: K, v: V): [K, V] { return [k, v]; }
pair("id", 42); // [string, number]
Generics suna karfafa kusan kowane abstraction da ba zai ƙi daidaita ba a cikin TypeScript: Array<T>, Promise<T>, Map<K,V>, useState<T> na React, damewa-kalar gadoji, da ƙogiyoyi.
Suna ba da damar aiki ɗaya don aiki da nau'i da yawa yayin da ake kiyaye cikakken bayanai nau'i daga farko zuwa gida — alaƙa tsakanin nau'i shigarwa da abubuwan fito ana kirewa, ba a sace shi ba.