一貫性モデルは、分散システム全体でデータ更新がいつどのように可視化されるかについての保証を定義します。強一貫性(すべての人が最新データを即座に見る)から結果整合性(更新が時間をかけて伝播する)まで様々です。選択は可用性とパフォーマンスとのトレードオフを伴います。
強一貫性対結果整合性
STRONG CONSISTENCY → every read returns the MOST RECENT write (all nodes agree immediately):
✓ simple to reason about; always correct/current data
✗ requires coordination → higher latency, lower availability (especially during partitions)
→ for: data that must be correct/current (financial balances, inventory, bookings)
EVENTUAL CONSISTENCY → updates propagate over time; reads MAY return stale data briefly,
but all nodes CONVERGE eventually:
✓ high availability, low latency, scalable
✗ reads can be stale temporarily (must tolerate this)
→ for: data where brief staleness is OK (social feeds, likes, view counts, caches)
