LLM很强大,但有显著的局限——幻觉、知识截止、缺乏真正的推理、非确定性等。理解这些局限以及如何缓解它们对负责任和有效地使用LLM至关重要。
关键局限
✗ HALLUCINATION → generate plausible-sounding but FALSE information (confidently wrong) →
the most critical limitation (they predict likely text, not verified truth)
✗ KNOWLEDGE CUTOFF → only know up to their training date → no current info
✗ NO TRUE UNDERSTANDING/REASONING → pattern-match text; can fail at logic, math, novel
reasoning; no real comprehension
✗ NON-DETERMINISTIC → same prompt → different outputs (variability)
✗ NO REAL-TIME/external knowledge by default; limited CONTEXT window (can't hold unlimited info)
✗ Can be BIASED; can be manipulated (prompt injection); inconsistent
