机器学习有三种主要类型 — supervised learning(从标签示例中学习)、unsupervised learning(在未标记数据中查找模式)和 reinforcement learning(通过试错和奖励学习)。理解它们可以明确 ML 如何解决不同问题。
三种主要类型
SUPERVISED LEARNING → learn from LABELED data (input → known correct output):
→ trained on examples with answers → learns to predict outputs for new inputs
→ for: classification (categorize), regression (predict numbers)
→ e.g. spam detection (labeled spam/not-spam), price prediction
UNSUPERVISED LEARNING → find patterns in UNLABELED data (no given answers):
→ discovers structure/groupings on its own
→ for: clustering (group similar items), dimensionality reduction, anomaly detection
→ e.g. customer segmentation, finding patterns
REINFORCEMENT LEARNING → learn through TRIAL and ERROR with REWARDS:
→ an agent takes actions, gets rewards/penalties, learns to maximize reward over time
→ for: game playing, robotics, control, decision-making
