不同的神经网络架构适合不同的数据和任务——CNNs 用于图像,RNNs 用于序列,transformers 用于语言(以及越来越多的其他领域)。理解主要类型能够清晰说明 AI 如何处理不同的问题。
主要架构
CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) → for IMAGES/spatial data:
→ uses convolutions to detect local features (edges, shapes) hierarchically
→ for: image classification, object detection, computer vision
RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) → for SEQUENCES/time-series:
→ processes sequences step by step, maintaining a 'memory' of previous inputs
→ for: text, time-series, speech (older approach; LSTM/GRU variants)
⚠️ struggles with long sequences; largely SUPERSEDED by transformers for language
TRANSFORMER → for SEQUENCES (language) and increasingly everything:
→ attention mechanism; parallel; the dominant modern architecture (LLMs)
→ for: language (LLMs), and now vision, audio, multimodal
