Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) 将传入流量分配到多个目标(EC2 实例、容器等),提高可用性(无单点故障)和可扩展性(分散负载)。它是可靠、可扩展应用程序的关键组件。
负载均衡器的作用
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A LOAD BALANCER sits in front of multiple backend targets and distributes requests:
Client → LOAD BALANCER → ┬→ Instance 1
├→ Instance 2
└→ Instance 3
→ spreads traffic across targets (scalability + no single instance overloaded)
→ HEALTH CHECKS: routes only to HEALTHY targets (an unhealthy one is bypassed)
→ if a target fails, traffic goes to the others → HIGH AVAILABILITY
→ single entry point (clients hit the LB, not individual instances)
