AWS 将其全球基础设施组织为区域(地理位置)和可用区(一个区域内隔离的数据中心)。理解这些概念对于设计可靠(容错)和高性能(低延迟)的应用程序至关重要。
区域 — 地理位置
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A REGION is a geographic area with AWS infrastructure (e.g. us-east-1 Virginia,
eu-west-1 Ireland, ap-southeast-1 Singapore):
→ choose regions based on: proximity to USERS (lower latency), data RESIDENCY/
compliance (where data must legally reside), service availability, and cost
→ regions are isolated from each other (a region's issues don't affect others)
可用区 — 隔离的数据中心
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Each region has multiple AVAILABILITY ZONES (AZs) — physically separate data centers
within the region (e.g. us-east-1a, us-east-1b, us-east-1c):
→ each AZ has independent power, cooling, networking (isolated failures)
→ AZs in a region are connected by fast, low-latency links
→ designed so one AZ failing doesn't take down the others
