Menene tsare-tsaren da ake son su?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Tsare-tsaren halaye** suna jikakken abin da **abubuwan jiya suke hulda da jifa** — raba-rabar nauyin aiki da jiji mai alaƙa tsakanin abubuwan jiya. Suna ƙunshi Observer, Strategy, Command, Iterator, State, Template Method, da ƙari.

## Abin da tsare-tsaren halaye ke magana

```text
BEHAVIORAL patterns concern how objects INTERACT, communicate, and distribute
responsibilities:
  → how objects collaborate and assign responsibilities to achieve behavior
  → manage algorithms, communication, and control flow between objects
→ about BEHAVIOR and interaction, not creation or structure
```

## Manyan tsare-tsaren halaye

```text
OBSERVER → notify many objects of state changes (covered separately) — very common
STRATEGY → interchangeable algorithms, swappable at runtime (covered separately) — common
COMMAND → encapsulate a request as an object (queue, log, undo operations)
ITERATOR → traverse a collection without exposing its internal structure
STATE → change behavior based on internal state (an object behaving like different "states")
TEMPLATE METHOD → define an algorithm's skeleton, let subclasses fill in steps
CHAIN OF RESPONSIBILITY → pass a request along a chain of handlers until one handles it
MEDIATOR → centralize complex communication between objects (reduce direct coupling)
```

## Ayyukan da ke saurin faruwa

```text
✓ OBSERVER → event/reactive systems (everywhere — UI, state management)
✓ STRATEGY → swappable algorithms/behaviors (very common, eliminates conditionals)
✓ ITERATOR → traversing collections (built into many languages — for-of, iterators)
✓ COMMAND → undo/redo, queuing operations, actions (e.g. Redux actions)
✓ STATE → state machines (workflow, game states, UI states)
→ use the one that fits the interaction/behavior problem
```

## Me yake matuƙa

Sanin tsare-tsaren halaye yana da mahimmanci saboda sun magana game da **abin da abubuwan jiya ke yini da jifa**, wani al'amarin gida mai gida, don haka yana da amfani sanin design.

Tsare-tsaren halaye suna jikakken huldar abubuwan jiya, jifar sauti, da rarraba-rabar nauyin aiki — abin da abubuwan jiya ke hulda don kawo da wasa da gudanar da algorithms da sarrafa jiji.

Sanin **manyan tsare-tsaren halaye** — **Observer** (sanarwar abubuwan jiya da yawa game da canja), **Strategy** (algorithms masu maye-maye), **Command** (tutup buƙate-buƙate azaman abubuwan jiya don tsarewa, rubutawa, da cirewa), **Iterator** (wucewa kawo da tarin ba tare da bugi ajiyar tsari ba), **State** (canja halaye dangane da ijin ciki), **Template Method** (bayyana wani algorithm kashin-kashin tare da matakun da subclass ke cika), **Chain of Responsibility** (watsa buƙate-buƙate kawo da masu gudanarwa), da **Mediator** (tsarawa sauti a gida) — yana karkara sanitsi-sanitsi don huldar abubuwan jiya.

Sanin **ayyukan da ke saurin faruwa** yana da saurin muhimmanci: **Observer** (tushen tsarin aiki da kasa-kasar abubuwan — UI, sarrafa jibi), **Strategy** (yawon halaye, kawar da sharadi — gaske saurin), **Iterator** (wucewa kawo da tarin, jilta-jilta a cikin harsunan da yawa), **Command** (cire/sake aiki da tsarewa aiki, kamar ayyukan Redux), da **State** (injin jibi don ayyuka, wasa, da jibi UI).

Wannan tsare-tsaren suna warware ainihi maimaitawa hulda matsalar — sanarwa jiya, maye-maye halaye, tutup aiki, wucewa kawo da tarin, da sarrafa jibi.

Sanin tsare-tsaren halaye a matsayin nau'i da abin da kowa ke magana game da hulda daban-daban zai taimaka muku tsara sauti jikakke da rarraba nauyin aiki sosai.

Tun da abin da abubuwan jiya ke yini da jifa yana da mahimmanci gida matsalar da tsare-tsaren halaye ke magana game da shi (Observer don sanarwa, Strategy don maye-maye halaye, Command don aiki, State don injin jibi, da sauran), kuma tun da sanin tsare-tsaren da ayyukan da ke saurin faruwa yana da amfani don tsara huldar abubuwan jiya, sanin tsare-tsaren halaye yana da mahimmanci, sanin design masu jira na gaske — nau'i na mahimmanci na tsare-tsaren don huldar abubuwan jiya da jifa, tare da Observer, Strategy, Iterator, Command, da State zama saurin mahimmanci da saurin, da mahimmanci sanin design don tsara abin da abubuwan jiya ke hulda.