Menene Domain-Driven Design (DDD)?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Domain-Driven Design (DDD)** wata hanya ce ta zane software da ke mayawa kan tsara software don daidai da **business domain** — tare da jajere tsakani da masu kiwon domain, wata yare mai kaidai, da kuma domain models da iyakoki masu kyau. Yana da mahimmanci don hadaddun domain na kasua.

## Abubuwan mahimmanci na DDD

```text
DDD centers the design on the BUSINESS DOMAIN (the real-world problem):
  ✓ UBIQUITOUS LANGUAGE → a shared, precise vocabulary between developers and domain
    EXPERTS, used consistently in code AND conversation (reduces miscommunication)
  ✓ MODEL the domain → rich domain models reflecting real business concepts/rules (not
    just data structures) — the model captures the business logic
  ✓ collaborate with domain EXPERTS → deeply understand the domain to model it well
```

## Strategic DDD (iyakoki)

```text
BOUNDED CONTEXT → divide a large domain into bounded contexts, each with its own model
  and language (a term can mean different things in different contexts) → manage complexity
  → avoids one huge confused model; defines clear boundaries
CONTEXT MAPPING → define relationships/integration between bounded contexts
→ strategic DDD manages large, complex domains by dividing them sensibly
```

## Tactical DDD (gine-ginen abubuwa)

```text
ENTITIES → objects with identity (tracked over time); VALUE OBJECTS → defined by attributes
  (no identity); AGGREGATES → clusters of entities with a root (consistency boundary)
REPOSITORIES → access aggregates; DOMAIN SERVICES → domain logic not fitting an entity;
DOMAIN EVENTS → things that happened in the domain
→ tactical patterns to model the domain richly
```

## Me ya sa ya mahimmanci

Antiwa Domain-Driven Design yana da mahimmanci a matuki na babbar knowledge saboda ita ce wata **hanya mai tasiri don yin magani da hadaddun domain na kasua** ta hanyar tsara software da daidai da ainihin matsala — kuma yana da mahimmanci don zane software na hadaddun domain.

DDD yana mayawa kan zane wajen **business domain** — tsara software don daidai da ainihin matsalar duniya — wanda yana da mahimmanci ga hadaddun domain inda jigon kasua kanta ne matakin gaida.

Antiwa abubuwan mahimmanci na **core ideas** — **ubiquitous language** (wata yare mai kaidai tsakanin masu zane kula da kuma masu kiwon domain da ake amfani da ita sosai a cikin code da tattaunawe, tare da rage rikice-rikicen da ke damje hadaddun ayyuka), **tsara domain a yawa** (domain models da ke nuna ainihin abubuwan kasua da doka, ba kawai tsarin data ba, amma suna mallaki jigon kasua), da kuma **jajere tsakani da masu kiwon domain** (fahimtar domain sannan a tsara shi da kyau) — yana kama da falsafar ta tsakiya na DDD na daidaita software da kasua.

Antiwa **strategic DDD** — **bounded contexts** (tsara babbar domain zuwa contexts, kuma kwa kowa akwai nasu model da yare, domin kalmomi zasu iya bubugi, samuwa daidai a cikin iyaka daban-daban, tare da sarrafa hadda da guje wa bunshi mai rudani) da context mapping — yana nuna yadda DDD ke daukar babbar, hadaddun domain ta hanyar tsara su daidai (wata tunani mai mahimmanci da kuma suna da alaka da microservice boundaries).

Antiwa **tactical DDD** — entities (identity), value objects (da aka bayyana ta hanyar siffofi), aggregates (iyakoki na kamanna tare da tushe), repositories, domain services, da kuma domain events — yana samar da kujerun gine-gine don tsara domain a yawa.

DDD yana da tasiri ga hadaddun kasua software, tare da baidi strategic (iyakoki) da kuma tactical (tsara) bayani.

Tunda DDD wata hanya ce mai tasiri don yin magani da hadaddun domain na kasua (ta hanyar tsarawa mai kaidai na domain, ubiquitous language, bounded contexts, da kuma rich domain models) da mahimmanci ga hadaddun software, da kuma tunda antiwa abubuwan mahimmanci, iyakoki na strategy, da kuma patterns na tactical yana da muhimmanci ga zane system mai domain-hadda, antiwa Domain-Driven Design yana da mahimmanci a matuki na babbar knowledge — wata hanya mai tasiri don hadaddun domain na kasua, tare da jajere kan tsara domain da kaidai da kuma a bayyana iyakoki (bounded contexts), da mahimmanci ga zane software inda hadda kasua shine taki gaida, da nuna aka manta ga zane-zane da ake bubugi daga babbar masu zane kula wajen hadaddun domain.